Diversity in America Essay

Being in a diverse world I learned ethnic groups went through a lot during slavery. The way minorities were treated in the past was torture no person should experience in their life time. I learned every race has different ways of thinking and beliefs they feel strongly about in their culture [ (Jiwani, 1996) ]. When it comes to being a success some cultures feel you need to be happy and positive to get to the top and others disagree. Important facts I have learned about my racial ethnicity is my culture arrive in the 19th century and they were stereotyped. They were not recognized on applications for employment [ (Jiwani, 1996) ]. My race did not give up and ignored the stereotyped that others thought of them. I also discovered my heritage celebrates in March and we are considered to be 2 years older than the average American. According to (Joel), 2010. In 2050 America will have added 100 million to its population [ (kotkin, 2010) ]. The fertility rate supposes to be less than ever before when the time comes. I think there will be less people having babies because of the recession going on in America. People in the U.S is suffering and struggling to make ends meet. There is too many babies starving in different countries including in the U.S. Americans are being laid off making minimum wage and it hard for them to survive and take care of the children they have now [ (Jiwani, 1996) ]. Older Adults have to live with their children now because they were unable to receive full benefits when they retired. Senior citizens are having such difficulty in today’s society and have to live on social security checks that constantly raise the money than take it away leaving them stuck. Fertility will decrease because America is already over populated now. The challenges America face when it comes to diversity is prejudice and discrimination. People’s lack of knowledge for other people’s culture and beliefs leaves a lot of Americans in the dark because of their ignorance. People who promote ignorance to their children, family, and friends about different cultures and beliefs will never have the privilege to see beyond the color of one’s skin and religion [ (Jiwani, 1996) ]. No one is alike and different groups think different of others who are not similar to them. I feel those who see everyone as equal have respect for others beliefs. Diversity in America brings problems and fighting between people who hate other because of their skin color and beliefs. When hate is involved this brings on discrimination. Discrimination brings on hate crimes  and hurting other people. People who hate other due to their race believe others groups are less then them. Stereotyping of ethnic groups helps continue the ignorance in society ways of thinking. The benefits of diversity are people of all races, belief, and religion can continue to educate themselves about others. Society can learn to see beyond the color of one’s skin and heritage. People will then get to know who an individual or group is by the way they interact with them. I have a friend as well as myself who face racism everyday because of the color of my skin. It hurts both of us at time but we have learned through the way we were taught to have pride and one’ self and keep our head up. Society can learn to see beyond the color of one’s skin and heritage. People will then get to know who an individual or group is by the way they interact with them. I learned my culture was looked down for many of years until the government decided to consider us to join a race. They felt we finally was worthy of being recognized in the way to accept diversity when it comes to culture in America. The people in the United States need to come together and stop trying to separate each other in groups. Teachers, parents, and our communities need to be open-minded to everyone no matter how they look, act, walk, or talk. There is no one perfect in America and if we can just realize no group or person from a different race is better than the other it may work. Hope is all I have and I want my children to see me as a positive role model and not a racist. I have always believed in being a fair person. I feel I have been treated in a mean way from plenty of people because of my race but I believe in god and that’s what helps me smile. People need to learn how to love one another instead of hate each other. Americans need to raise their children in the correct way by showing them its okay to play and be friend with other children who are different and of a different race. A lot of children I find today are afraid to play with other children who don’t look like them because the way they were raised. I remember a time when I was little and I made a friend in class and she told me her mom said not to play with children of my race and if she did she will get in trouble. I was so confused until I went home and asked my mom and she explained to me about how the world viewed me. I then understood and learned to ignore the ignorance of the way people made me feel or looked down on me because of my  skin color. I always found my self trying to prove to others of a different race I was not the lazy person who grew up not wanting to work and make nothing of my life. I have learned I will face this discrimination until I die so I will have to work twice as hard to become a success in life. Media perpetuate prejudice and stereotyping in a negative way. When it comes to ethnic groups the media always show minorities committing crimes and robbing people [ (kareem, 2013) ]. Media help promote hate to people who has lack of education about minority groups so they feel they have a right to be ignorant. This kind of stereotyping makes people continue the hate in schools, communities, and on the internet. Ethnic groups are always showed in the media living in low-income area’s and they make it look like they are lazy, stupid, dangerous and unable to comprehend anything a smart person suppose to be telling or teaching them [ (kareem, 2013) ]. White Americans suppose to be ethnic people’s translators to explain what minorities are trying to say to them. Media promote appreciation for diversity in February when they want America to acknowledge minorities for more than being a problem in America [ (kareem, 2013) ]. I think it’s really contradicting what’s being told for so long about minorities and really making ethnic groups look like a joke. I feel this way because they constantly try to make ethnic groups or a person of an ethnic group look bad. I feel the media tries to make it look like everyone in society is treated the same in America when this is not the case. When the media reports the news I see a low percentage of Black Americans reporting the news and when they do their talking about their own race to put them down. The way people In America can work together to reduce prejudice and accept diversity is by teaching their families in their homes and their neighbors how to embrace others who are not like them [ (kareem, 2013) ]. I will continue to treat others with respect and dignity. I will show those who come around me the same how to treat people of different cultures and beliefs and how they are equal to us.

Impact of Radio in Law Enforcement Essay

I believe the largest impact on policing has been made by the simple invention of the two way radio which has in turn been expanded upon with cell phone and mobile internet capabilities. I had read this in textbooks concerning the evolution of policing, but reading this article certainly helped to confirm it. The advent of the car and of two-way wireless communications systems brought about what it called an â€Å"incident-driven† policing strategy that relied on random patrol and rapid response in radio-equipped patrol cars to prevent crime. However, research conducted in the latter part of the century on the impact of this strategy found it to be too costly in terms of the actual number of officers and vehicles that an agency would have to deploy to have a meaningful impact. Research also found that adopting this strategy contributed to the social distancing of the police from the community, with its consequent negative effect on an agency’s ability to not only prevent and detect crime but also on its ability to enforce the law and to maintain order. While the ability to communicate instantly over long distances is certainly a boon when it comes to coordinating efforts to detain criminals on the run, it has damaged the relationship the police have with the public. Crime typically happens in such a small window it is often rare that a police officer arrives in time to prevent its commission or at the very least its escalation. Not only that, the addition of the accessibility of the internet can make it painfully obvious the difference of the level of effort in some communities as opposed to others. Either way, it seems to be losing battles for law enforcement as budgets are cut yet more is asked of them while at the same time embellishment of negative incidents makes it more difficult for them to perform their duties in an increasingly more sensitive public environment. Being that funding is based on the surrounding areas and their ability to generate taxes, it seems we are on an inevitable course that will see justice served only to those with the means to fund its pursuit.

Logistics Planning Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Logistics Planning Case - Essay Example Organization should take into consideration customers supply chain and their logistic operations. The company should be a factor in the requirements of the market and the needs of the customers so that organization can avail goods and services to the customers at the right place, condition and at the right time (Crammer, & Wegfahrt, 2006). Therefore, the study focus to identify whether customers drive location of the business and how it may affect logistic planning in various industries such as beer, clothing, and automobile industry. The company selected for the purpose of this study is Empresas Polar, a Bear Manufacturing Corporation in Venezuela. The company location decision has been compared regarding distribution and retailer location as discussed. Empress Polar is a private beer manufacturing company located in Venezuela in Caracas. Mendoza Lorenzo started the company in the year 1941. Since then, the company has grown significantly. It has expanded its operation to numerous parts of the world. The location of Empresas Polar is important because it faster delivery of goods and services to the consumers at the right time. It also ensures that unnecessary delay in delivery of products and services have been eradicated. The company distributes five different brands of bears in its various distribution centers. Some of the alcoholic brands of beers being distributed include; Solera, Polar, Negra, Verde, and Azul. There is also one non-alcoholic drink commonly known as ZERO.

Hum sammary 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hum sammary 2 - Essay Example ming that men can do nothing more than guess and interpret what Jesus meant when he told a Samaritan woman that her fifth husband was not her husband. Furthermore, she reasons out that the Scriptures talk about God’s command to â€Å"go forth and multiply† and that even great Old Testament figures, like Abraham, Jacob, and Solomon, enjoyed multiple wives at once. The Wife of Bath admits that many great Fathers of the Church have proclaimed the importance of virginity, such as the Apostle Paul. However, she argues that even if virginity is important, there must be existing people who are procreating so that virgins can be created. Thus, she says that virginity should be left to the perfect so that the rest could use their gifts in the best way they could. Undoubtedly, her gift is her sexual power and she uses this power as an â€Å"instrument† to control her husbands. It is at this point, the Pardoner interrupts. The Pardoner is planning to marry soon and he is worried that his wife will control his body, in the same way that the Wife of Bath describes. The Wife of Bath tells him to be patient and to listen to the whole story to see if it reveals the truth about marriage. Of her five husbands, three have been â€Å"good† and two have been â€Å"bad.† She further admits that the first three of her husbands were good because they were rich, old, and submissive. She then laughs as she remembers the torments that she put her husbands through and she even recounts a typical conversation that she had with her older husbands. She then accused her husband of having an affair, and launched into a litany in which she  would charge him with a bewildering array of accusations. If  one of her husbands got drunk, she would claim he said that every wife is out to destroy her husband. He would then feel guilty and give her what she wanted. In the end, the Wife of Bath says that these were all lies and that her husbands never held these opinions, but she made these claims to give

Racial discrimination in the United States Essay

Racial discrimination in the United States - Essay Example Redlining is more common in discrimination and it has been practiced over long period of time from historical perspective and in the modern world, it has been practiced on various grounds such as employment and opportunity to various individuals and groups in the society (Leonard, 2007).Affirmative actions are the policies that undertake race, ethnicity and gender into consideration in the endeavor of ensuring equal opportunity is promoted in a society. It is mainly concerned with such aspects as education, employment and also such public contracting as the health programs. Affirmative action can be in two categories whereby one category addresses equality and eliminate any form of discrimination that is concerned with such issues institutional, overt and involuntary while the other category is focused on maximizing societal benefits and diversity on all levels in the society (Ward, 2006).In the United States, there is gross discrimination on racial grounds and the most discriminated against are the Non-White residents in the country. There have been debates that an affirmative action would be very instrumental in eliminating discrimination based on institutional, employment, educational and business opportunity in the country. Thesis Statement In the modern world, people are still discriminated against in such aspects as employments, education, institutional and business opportunities. Affirmative action is an important project to counter this discrimination. This is because the policy give well qualified people equal opportunities to other people and in a country like the United States of America where there is gross discrimination based on race, this policy will give a strong foundation for improvement in regards to racial discrimination in the United States. Racial Discrimination in the United States Since the colonial era in the United States one of the most prevalent issues in the country is racism. The whites who are considered to be the settler society are the dominating race in the country and this means that the other races which include the Blacks, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Latin Americans, Irish Americans and others are highly discriminated against. This discrimination is extended to such fields as employment, education, institutional and business opportunity in the country. The whites have enjoyed dominancy in these fields while the other races have been left in the periphery of the system. Although there was some improvements in the twentieth century when the government enacted laws which prohibited entities against racialism, race identities are still held very highly in the country and by prominent members of the society who control various mechanisms in the country (Hurst, 2000). Educational discrimination There is widespread education discrimination in the Untied States with the highest numbers of graduates from high school, college and university coming from the Whites. This shows that the educational opportunities in the country are favored towards the Whites while the other races are discriminated against. This is also furthered in that when the Whites get better education opportunities they also get better opportunities in life especially in this era of education opportunities. This means that the Whites have better opportunities to develop their lives while the other races are left to struggle with life (Williams, 1999). The table below shows the percentage of White

What you learned about the larger field of art Essay

What you learned about the larger field of art - Essay Example Anthony Janson et al. (2010) did very interesting works in his book, the History of Art when he wrote this book. From the day I read it, I realized the value of art and appreciated it so much. I read every section of this great book that enters into the minds and hearts of its readers. Since history, artists have been keeping visual records. The neoclassic and romantic artists used the chisel and paintbrush to create an impression of the current vents of those times. These artists did not merely wait to be commissioned by rich families to do the work of art. Their passion in art gave birth to more artists. Art is rich in depth and inspires. The little fertility goddess that is mentioned in the book and the extravagant styles of Baroque and Rococco inspires a lot (Janson et al. 22). One of the most interesting works in the history of art is the picture of Adam and Eve. The picture tells the story of the Garden of Eden from the beginning when God put man on it. The story goes on to the time when man was expelled away from that garden. The story comes to the point where the Master ensures HIS place in history. The theme represented in the book captures the rise and fall of great and women in the Middle Ages. The book is copiously illustrated and provides a schema from which varying periods of art can be learnt. It provides useful information that can be used for the development of various scholarly researches on art. The History of Art captures Western in most works that have been included in it. Thus, it had some bias towards other works of art from different countries (Janson et al. 45). Towards the end, the book is rather apologetic and gives a halfhearted nod to Asian Art. I have been interested in art and I found this book useful for my development in the art industry more than I thought. I read the book from cover to cover and became interested in all the

The Models or Schools Of Thought to the Management of Business Essay

The Models or Schools Of Thought to the Management of Business Strategy - Essay Example The present research has identified that the strategic models during the 1980s were predominantly premised upon factors external to the organization. They pertained to elements in the business environment which shaped the manner in which the corporation responded. The advantage of these strategies is that they are market-oriented and therefore are keen to capture opportunities and avoid threats; however, they largely ignore or overlook the internal resources and capabilities of the company and its strengths and weaknesses. As a result, the strategic plans are not always feasible for the company to implement, or the firm may be ill-equipped or their personnel ill-trained to properly execute it.   Porter’s model focuses on five forces that are external to the firm but internal to the industry to which it belongs. The stronger these forces are, the more limited a firm is in building profits; on the other, weak forces indicate that there are more opportunities to earn profits. O ver time, the strength of each of the forces may change, together with changing industry conditions. It is the manager’s task to take cognizance of these risks and opportunities and to formulate an appropriate strategy in response to these forces. Each of the generic strategies adopts a fundamentally different approach in â€Å"creating, sustaining, and combining a firm’s competitive advantage† and deciding on what its specific target shall be. The clear-cut distinctions the model makes among the strategies tend to be simplistic and misleading because a cost leader cannot ignore the basis of differentiation – that is, the cost leader must at least achieve parity or proximity on the basis of differentiation as its competitors for it to realize an advantage over them in cost. Conversely, the firm relying on differentiation must attain a cost structure at parity or proximity to its competitors, by reigning in costs that do not impact on differentiation.

Antibody mediated hypersensitivity is clinically more significant that Essay

Antibody mediated hypersensitivity is clinically more significant that cell mediated hypersensitivity. Discuss - Essay Example Immune system was initially separated in two branches. These were cellular immunity and the humoral immunity. The protective immunization function is found within the humor, serum or the cell-free body fluid, while the protective functions of the immunization was based in cellular immunity. The helper cells or the CD$ cells give protection against many pathogens. The Cytotoxic T cells lead to death through apoptosis without the use of cytokines, thus for the cell mediated immunity cytokines might fail to be present. Anabolic steroids are made up of some performance- enhancement drugs. These drugs do the mimicking of the testosterone inside the body and, therefore, facilitate performance by enlarging the muscle cells. These drugs if used inappropriately or at high doses or without supervisor they may cause irrational and erratic behavior and a wide range of adverse effects. Performance-enhancing drugs are used by bodybuilders, and by people of different age, right from middle-school to college students and old athletes. Anabolic steroids increase the protein production hence creating building blocks for bones, muscle cells, and body tissues. The main, side effects of the anabolic steroids is the androgenic effect, and its effect in damaging the liver (Benjamin 3). Androgenic response increases the male features like secondary characteristics, which normally come, up due to androgenic steroids. Medical indications in this case are due to inadequate production of testosterone within the body. The liver damage on the other side is influenced by the direct effect of oral steroids that gives the liver a hard time to metabolize. For many years, wise physicians have come to the realization that many human diseases could be understood as pathophysiology or a disordered physiology. In medicine, pathophysiology is one of the branches

CSR- the impact of organizational goals and design Essay

CSR- the impact of organizational goals and design - Essay Example A newer concept but still very similar to social responsibility is social responsiveness, which in simple terms means â€Å"the ability of cooperation to relate its operations and policies to the social environment in ways that are mutually beneficial to the company and to the society (Fredrick, Davis and Post, 1988). Both definitions focus on corporations but these concepts should be expanded: The main differences between social responsibility and social responsiveness is that the latter implies actions and the ‘how’ of enterprise responses. It is not enough to be philanthropic and not think in terms of consumers and other relevant stakeholders. It is not enough to be law abiding and leave matter at that for a business rival round the corner can raise the stakes by introducing commodities and services, as well as conditions of production that are much higher than those required by law. Consumers today are alive to these changes and react to them in a fashion that tells on the bottom line of a firm. Therefore, the fact of corporate social responsibility has to be carefully devised keeping in mind the specifics of the organization and the kinds of demands that can be made upon it as a corporate citizen by all its relevant stakeholders. At the same time, no company can afford to let its profits fall. In fact if that were to happen then it would be letting down i ts stockholders and employees, who are two of its very important stakeholders. The question then is how to devise a system of CSR that is related to business so that both can be sustained in synergy. Defining corporate social responsibility (CSR): In an influential essay entitled ‘social responsibility of business’ Nobel Laureate Milton Friedman argued that the espousal of ‘social responsibilities’ by the corporate sector was not just bad for business, but was tantamount

A Framework for Structuring Drivers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

A Framework for Structuring Drivers - Essay Example The role of supply chain management in the business performance is crucial. For this reason, Krishnan et al. (2001, 259 supported that ‘supply chain management has become an important part of strategic planning in both large and small businesses since the 1990s as firms increasingly choose outsourcing as an externally-driven strategic growth path’. In order to identify and evaluate the role of supply chain management within a particular business environment it is necessary to examine primarily the whole firm’s operational activities trying to locate any possible barriers that can cause delay on the firm’s development. In this context, Baker et al. (2005, 43) found that ‘the term "operations" has evolved to denote all activities involved in bringing products and services to customers, and businesses have been applying the techniques of operations management to the entire spectrum of business operations; Enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer rela tionship management (CRM), and supply chain management (SCM) all provide an opportunity to enhance existing processes and serve as a catalyst for operational innovation’. In other words, supply chain management is considered to be a tool of major importance for the enhancement of the firm’s processes in all its sectors. However, in order for supply chain management to develop the corporate activities, it has to be based on a detailed plan, which can be differentiated for each firm in accordance with the demands of the market involved and the firm’s strengths and weaknesses.

Energy output of Bioethanol and Industrial Ethanol Essay Example for Free

Energy output of Bioethanol and Industrial Ethanol Essay Aim The aim of this investigation is to determine which of the two derivatives of ethanol releases more energy, Bioethanol or Industrial Ethanol. Hypothesis The main compound in both alcohols has the same chemical formulae C2H5OH, and the other compounds are unknown therefore the Energy output cannot be calculated exactly by using standard bond enthalpies. However, as the main compound is known and the same for both ethanols the energy output should be very similar. Therefore the difference in energy output only depends on the compounds which are blended to the alcohols. Apparatus Thermometer Metal can x2 Draught shield x4 Gloves Safety spectacles Heat-resistant mat Insulation card 100cm3 measuring cylinder x2 Spirit burner Clamp stand Balance Matches Substances E100 Bioethanol Industrial Ethanol Water Method The idea to do the experiment the way described is due to knowledge from past experiments and the IB textbook. Follow these steps 10 times, five times for each alcohol. Step 1: Measure 50cm3 of alcohol in a measuring cylinder Step 2: Weigh and record the empty spirit burner Step 3: Fill the 50cm3 of alcohol in the spirit burner Step 4: Weigh and record the filled spirit burner Step 5: Measure 100cm3 of Water in a measuring cylinder Step 6: Fill the water into the metal can Step 7: Set up the Apparatus as displayed (1 draught shield in each direction, south, north, west and east, forming a box around the apparatus; assure there are 2cm of space between the bottom of the metal can and the cotton wick) Step 7: Record the initial temperature of water Step 8: Light the cotton wick of the spirit burner Step 9: Record the temperature every 15 seconds until the cotton wick loses its flame Step 10: Weigh the spirit burner with the remaining alcohol to calculate how many grams of alcohol have been used Varables Temperature: Temperature of Water will be measured before every experiment. The whole experiment takes place at room temperature. Volume of Water: 100cm3 Mass of alcohol: 50cm3 filled in spirit burner. The mass will be measured before and after the experiment to figure how much has been used. Time: record every 15 seconds Concentration of alcohol: 1M Surface area of metal can which flame is heating up: same cans will be used and positioned at same place above the cotton wick to keep this constant. Length of cotton wick: 0.5cm Distance from cotton wick to bottom of metal can: 2cm Hazard Warnings Industrial Ethanol: Highly flammable. Therefore wear gloves and safety spectacles Bioethanol: Highly flammable. Therefore wear gloves and safety spectacles Chemistry HL Plan of Investigation

Travelodge And Budget Hotels In The Uk Tourism Essay

Travelodge And Budget Hotels In The Uk Tourism Essay Travelodge is the first budget hotel launched in 1985 in UK. It operates 380 hotels with 26,500 room in the UK. Travelodge is planning to grow 1000 more hotels by 2020. It employs above 5500 people and 87% of the booking are made online. The UK hotel market is estimated around 700,000 rooms (source: Melvyn Gold, Qualification of serviced accommodation supply in UK, December 2007) UK hotel market is segmented mainly into four categories, Brander full service which has 14% of the market share, branded budget 12% branded mid market 62% and unbranded independents 62%.the current economic environment has seen increase in drop out of unbranded independents and people prefer to book with branded budget due to network coverage, brand strength strong balance sheet and distribution. Grant Hearn, Travelodge CEO, commented: 2008 was another record year of growth for the Travelodge brand with over 19% revenue growth. Room sold increased by 9 percent to 6 million The growth of Travelodge has been incredible but company faced a few challenges and one of the major challenge company is facing is overbooking. Overbooking is one of the important revenue management tool in hotels operation management to operate effectively and enhance profitability. Revenue Management is seen as an important technique in the hotels operation and therefore to maximize their revenues, hotels are increasingly implementing Revenue Management practices (Hwang and Wen, 2009). As a consequence of implementing such systems, many companies in the service sector such as hotels systematically overbook capacity in order to maximize the revenue at one particular point in time (Wangenheim and Bayà ³n, 2007). If overbooking is not implemented correctly it can result in loss of room revenue, loss of hotel reputation, decreased customer loyalty and decrease hotels profitability. This report discusses the main characteristics of overbooking and its impact on the company in theoretical and practical prospective. Theoretical insights of overbooking One of the central concepts in Revenue Management is overbooking. The practice of overbooking can be defined as confirming more reservations than the hotels available physical capacity to provide the service. (Ivanov, 2006; Ivanov, 2007; Chiang et al 2007; McGill, van Ryzin,1999; Kamath, Bhosale, Manjrekar,2008). Hence, the objective of overbooking is to improve the expected profit and instead of selling each room once, profit can be increased by selling it several times (Birkenheuer, 2009). In fact, overbooking as an integral part of Revenue Management has received significant attention from literature. From a historical perspective, overbooking is present in the studies of Falkson (1969), Simon (1968), Vickrey (1972) and many others. The major objective of these studies was to outline a control practice for cancellations. Nowadays, overbooking has become an emerging matter in industries with perishable products. It yields considerable impacts on companies performance. In terms of the hospitality industry, the profitability of hotels is largely dependent on their utilization of capacity. Conversely, demand for rooms and extensions of stay are very unstable and are hard to predict (van Ryzin, 2005). Hoteliers are challenged by how to determine the occupation of rooms for customers who are financially unequal and meanwhile maintain a stable rate of demand given the hard to predict circumstances (Okumus, 2004). This is all possible utilizing overbooking, which enables proper allocation of resources and optimization of sales. However, maximizing the number of sold rooms per night cannot be easily accomplished. One of the most challenging tasks of the hotel operation management is to deal with the unpredictable nature of the customers, because not all booked reservations will turn into real service consumption (Lai et al, 2005). To this end overbooking may entail a company from the hospitality industry not being able to serve all its customers properly because of lower number of initially expected people that do not appear as agreed. In this respect, overbooking may have both positive and negative impact. On the one hand, it may result in refusal to provide a service, but on the other, it can also take the form of compensation for those bookers, who cannot received the value package they have agreed on and paid for (Kimes and Wagner, 2001). From their practical experience managers know that all not bookings confirmed for a particular date will be really used (Ivanov, 2006). There are several possible scenarios that can cause this. Despite of their reservations, because of different circumstances some guests cancel their stay and terminate their reservations, some does not cancel their booking but fail to show up, or other guests reduce their stay and as a result the room remains unsold and hence capacity not utilize is lost forever (Ivanov, 2006, Talluri et al, 2004; Chiang et al, 2007; Hung, 2004; Bitran; Leon, 1989). Therefore hotels adopt overbooking in order to protect against losses with no-shows and to offset the effect of cancellations and shortened stays (Hwang and Wen, 2009; Kamath et al, 2008; Selmi, 2008; Chiang et al 2007; Hung, 2004; Sulistio, Kim, and Buyya, 2008). Impacts of overbooking on hotels operation management Apart from the opportunity of the hotel to minimize the effect of reservation uncertainties there are possibilities the number of cancellations and no shows to be less then the number of overbookings, then some of the clients will not be accommodated and should be walked to other hotels (Ivanov, 2006). Thus, if a hotel decides to employ overbooking in its operations it should manages carefully not only the opportunity cost of the unsold room but also the overbooking costs for alternative hotel accommodation and transportation that the hotel has to pay in order to compensate a customer in case of overbooking (Ivanov, 2006; Hung, 2004). Besides the evident financial costs occurring in case of walking a guest having already booked, costs the lost hotels goodwill and reputation and the risks of dissatisfaction, loss of trust, loss of future customer loyalty are much more expensive for the hotel (Selmi, 2007). Overbooking policy and control According to Selmi (2007), the risk of customer refusal appears if the overbooking is no realized precisely. In this regard, Kimes (1989) emphasized on the importance of a clearly stated overbooking policy within the hotel operation management. The objective of overbooking policy and control is to find an optimal overbooking level to maximize the expected revenue and to minimize the potential risk of denied service (Chiang et al 2007). Netessine and Shumsky (2002) as cited by Ivanov (2006; 2007) proposed a basic mathematical model for calculating the optimal number of overbookings and according to his findings the optimal overbooking level is inversely related to the amount of cance llation charges applied the closer the cancellation charge to the room rate, the lower the missed benefit from the unoccupied room and the less stimuli to overbook. In case of presence of guaranteed and non-guaranteed bookings, Ivanov (2007) suggests that the optimal number of overbookings has to be set separately for each type. Alternatively, according to Hung (2004) factors that could be considered while setting overbooking limits include: probabilities of cancellation and no-show; room demand distribution over time and conditions of length of stay; stay extension probabilities influenced by the intended length of stay. Moreover Hung (2004) assumes that the proportion of cancellations depends on the customer category, intended length of stay, day of week of first stay over, and time until first stay over. Impact of overbooking on customer behavior According to Talluri et al (2004) overbooking is frequently cited in customer complaints and remains the primary source of dissatisfaction. Moreover, results of an experiment made by Wangenheim and Bayà ³n (2007) confirm that the practice of overbooking is likely to be perceived as unfair by service customers. Wangenheim and Bayà ³n (2007) analyze behavioral consequences of the fairness towards overbooking by proposing and confirming several hypotheses. According to their research the negative consequences of service failure arising from overbooking are stronger for the high status customer than for the low status customers and therefore, hoteliers have to carefully overbook its high-values classes. Additionally, Wangenheim and Bayà ³n (2007) emphasize on the importance that if a hotel ignores the log-run behavior consequences of overbooking, this may lead to negative consequences on its operations. One such negative consequence is proposed to be a customer who faces a denied service due to overbooking and still remains hotels client because of either high fixed switching barriers or current loyalty membership programs. However, in response to the service failure the customer may adjust its investment into the exchange relationship not only by decreasing the number of sales, but also by trying to take advantage of discount offers or purchasing lower level services from the hotel (Wangenheim and Bayà ³n, 2007). On the other hand, Hwang and Wen (2009) analyze the effect of the perceived fairness toward hotels overbooking and compensation practices by examining customers reactions toward hotel overbooking. Some of their most vital findings from this study are that women are more likely than men to feel that overbooking is unfair, customers perceptions to the fairness of overbooking is not affected by other customer variables including length of stay, membership status, payer source, reservation channel, and reservation time; participants perceived fairness toward the hotels overbooking and compensation policies were strongly correlated with positive word-of-mouth publicity. One of the most important results of the research shows that the perceived fairness of the participants toward the hotels compensation policy is related to their loyalty. Therefore, Hwang and Wen (2009) propose that hotels should consider designing compensations that help positively influence customers perceived fairness t oward overbooking and that encourage customers ongoing patronage and loyalty. In a conclusion, issues like determining the optimal number of excess reservations, minimizing compensation cost, and dealing with the negative effects from customers facing a denied service are considered as the most challenging areas of the practice of overbooking and every hotel striving to maximize its profitability should not underestimate them (Sulistio, Kim, and Buyya, 2008). Practical Implications of overbooking As the hospitality industry is evolving, hotel owners and hotel managers are constantly seeking to update their approaches in order to achieve optimal allocation of resources. Novelli, Schmitz and Spencer (2006) have discovered that hoteliers make every effort to employ contemporary technologies in their business. By this implication, hotel managers and owners do not only sustain competitive advantage, but also create new products and services. In view of this, it can be concluded that implementation of new technologies that create new products is a technological innovation (Evangelista, 1999). On the other hand, the implementation of innovative technologies to a service company can have a significant influence in terms of operational efficiency (Freeman and Soete, 1997). Additionally, Porter (1990) supports the latter thesis by highlighting that the performance of a company is highly dependent on new technologies. In view of technological innovations today many hotels recognize the importance of overbooking practice and thus its implementation has become generally accepted step toward hotels successful operations. The practical application of Revenue Management and Overbooking incorporates the following integral elements (Vinod, 2004): Figure 1 Revenue Management application C:UsersamadDesktopCapture.JPG Source: Vinod, B. (2004), Journal of Revenue Pricing Management Market segmentation: Segmenting customers according to their preferences and spending patterns is a must to make sure the most appropriate customers with perfectly fitted attributes are sold the proper rooms that can maximize revenues (Oliveira, 2003). Defining rate classes (inventory pooling): Involves creating groups of the existing rates that close in terms of value (Vinod, 2004). Demand forecasting: demand forecasting is essential to determine room occupancy. In the context of Revenue Management it is important as it can control occupancy using the data of length of stay. This can be achieved by possessing data on rate class demand and duration of stay (Vinod, 2004). Supply forecasting: earlier and late checkouts can also determine room occupancy, which is an element also involved in Revenue Management. Overbooking control: encompasses sales of rooms exceeding the maximum available number of rooms to offset for no shows and cancellations. However, there are some risks associated with overbooking as it may result in grievances from unsatisfied customers who have received an inappropriate room. In such cases hoteliers offer compensations and fringe benefits (Smith, 1982). According to Vinod (1992) Revenue Management can bring 20% of the total revenues. Revenue mix control and exception processing: involves planning important future dates with discretion and matching them with overbooking levels (Vinod, 2004). Performance measurement and management reporting: closely scrutinizing the Revenue Management processes is essential to track down the data quality and future planning basis. However, in order to lead a hotel into a winning direction, overbooking has to be managed and controlled very carefully. Ivanov (2006) defines the management of overbooking as a set of managerial techniques and activities connected with continuous planning, reservation and control and he outlined two main groups of activities that should be performed in the daily hotel operation. The hotel managers should on one hand, to define an optimal number of overbookings for each date and continuously to modify it according to the market changes of the hotel and the specific demand and booking patters and on the other hand, to manage carefully decisions and operational activities related with walking guests with overbookings. In this regard, Ivanov (2006) proposes that factors such as length of stay, rooms rates and client status have to be considered by hotel managers while dealing with walking a guest with confirmed reservation. Additionally, Kimes (1989) analyzes several managerial concerns essential for an effective overbooking practice and states that top management cannot assume that Revenue Management will just happen, it requires careful planning and training. Thus employees have to be i ntensively trained in order to clearly understand the aim and characteristics of overbooking. Moreover, employees who are directly dealing with overbooking decisions have to be periodically trained how to behave in possible customer conflicts and to take their own decisions in an unfamiliar situation (Ivanov, 2006). In order to be minimized the possible customer dissatisfaction in case of overbooking, it is vital for the hotel to establish service recovery programmes with standardized procedures and to make employees to be aware and follow them (Ivanov, 2006) For a profitable applied overbooking in the hospitality industry, hotels must understand not only consumers behavior but also to consider the impact of competition and the currently economic situation that imposes significant supply and demand fluctuations. As hotels compete with each other in order to attract more customers, Revenue Management decisions of one hotel inevitably influence the demand for other hotels in the same region or area. However, recent trends propose that hotels should collaborate with is competitors that result in increased number of formed alliances with each other to maximize their revenue (Chiang et al, 2007) Revenue Managements challenges in the hospitality industry As explained before, Revenue Management finds application to two significant industries: hospitality and airline. The first one, however, is much more complex in terms of industry saturation and rooms management. This creates hurdles for the optimal operation of Revenue Management techniques. I n the hotel industry Revenue Management can be applied either locally or via centralized system. The second one involves gathering data and taking decisions from a focal site for other properties. In practice only a limited number of hotels and hotel chains are able to manage centralized data processing and therefore the majority of players on the hospitality industry opt for property based Revenue Management. Recommendations for future research Despite of the acknowledged importance of overbooking as one the most effective successful Revenue Management techniques used in hotel operation and widely discussed topic in research literature, there are no current studies discussing the overbooking management of Bulgarian hotels and its impact on their operation. Therefore, future research may focus on the possible application of Revenue Management techniques to the Bulgarian hospitality industry. Future studies may also focus on the demand side of Bulgarian tourism as the country has witnessed fluctuating visitor rates during the past two decades despite the growing profits generated by the particular industry. Conclusions In order to survive in the furious competition and to generate more revenue while using the same amount of recourses it is necessary and critical to the hotels operation management to use effectively its reservation inventory and to increase its occupancy rate (Hung, 2004). Revenue Management techniques and the models of overbooking if applied appropriately would maximize the revenues of hotels (Kamath et al, 2008). However, the possibilities of customer dissatisfaction, and risk of loss of reputation because of denied service, force many hotels to avoid the practice of overbooking. Therefore, before hotel managers to deicide whether or not to implement overbooking they should first consider what Birkenheuer (2009) explained the best estimation of risk and opportunity will provide the best profit. In this study we have outlined the dynamic nature of service industries and have demonstrated the importance of Revenue Management and most notably one of its most significant aspects ove rbooking. We have narrowed the scope of this research down to the hospitality industry and have found major differences in the demand patterns towards such companies in the former industry. Some customers prefer flexible cancellation terms, while others are not much attentive to that. Hoteliers offer differential pricing to their own advantage to hedge against fluctuating demand. We have also found that substitution is one of the most effective method of managing overbooking practices, but yet a cost/benefit analysis must be performed in order to track down the real consequences. Essentially, within the current dynamic decision making situation in the hospitality industry, overbooking levels have been found to have significant revenue maximizing properties. In view of this, through this study we have discovered some of the chief management objectives that could be achieved through overbooking in the framework of Revenue Management: profit maximization; capacity allocation; maximizat ion of average revenue per customer; maximization of net present value; and minimization of customer grievances. Finally, as hospitality industry on a global scale is a mass volume-driven business, overbooking has become an emerging topic as vacant rooms do not bring any profits. However, perhaps even more significant remains the problem how to manage customer disappointment, in cases they cannot be relocated to similar hotels as a result of overbooking.

The Preceding The Beatitudes Theology Religion Essay

The Preceding The Beatitudes Theology Religion Essay Preceding The Beatitudes is the beginning of chapter 5 in the Gospel of Matthew. This is also the introduction to the Sermon on the Mount. Matthew 5 starts off with Jesus going up on the mountain. Matthew 5:1 Seeing the crowds, he went up on the mountain, and when he sat down his disciples came to him. When you first read this text you think that he was being overcrowded and simply went up on the mountain for more space. However, is that the only reason Jesus went up on the mountain? When we look at other verses in the Bible such as Luke 6:12 In these days he went out into the hills to pray; and all night he continued in prayer to God. Perhaps Jesus felt closer and more alone with God by being on the hills or mountain. Perhaps it made him feel closer to God. Or another reason may be that he was interacting and teaching his disciples on the mountain while the crowds surrounded them to listen down low. Look at the second part of this verse, when he sat down his disciples came to him, whenever Jesus sat down somewhere it was usually a good indication that he would be teaching so his disciples automatically came over to him. Matt 13:2, Mark 4:1, and Luke 5:3 are all other examples of when he sat down and taught as well. Matthew 5:2 And he opened his mouth and taught them by saying: This is where the teaching, otherwise known as The Beatitudes begins. In this part of the Bible Matthew seems to be portraying Jesus as the new Moses. The term Beatitude comes from the Latin word Beaus. It means happy, fortunate or blissful. Each beatitude has two phrases, kind of like a cause and an effect. Each beatitude also starts off with the word blessed. To be blessed is to be happy and filled with the Holy Spirit. The eight beatitudes in Matthew 5:3-12 Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven (5:3) Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted (5:4) Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth (5:5) Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied (5:6) Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy (5:7) Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God (5:8) Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called Sons of God (5:9) Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven (5:10) (5:11 12) Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter evil against you. To rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven. Now let us take a deeper look at each beatitude individually. Matthew 5:3 Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. This is the opening verse to the Sermon on the Mount. At that time, the word Blessed was a common word for describing someone who is happy. That meaning of the word has been lost in the present day interpretation, but that seems to be the original intent of the Gospel writer. Blessed also means to be made holy, so when someone is blessed it means they are experiencing a life changing, spiritual transformation. Whoever goes by these rules will lead a happy life and a step closer into getting into Heaven. This could also be the interpretation of the word Blessed used. In my opinion, it means both. The poor in spirit, I think this means actual poor people, people who are destitute. Like the woman who gave everything she had, and was commended by Christ for doing so. It means they have spirit, yet little else, so they are blessed with spirit or in spirit, and theirs is the kingdom of heaven. They may not have anything on earth, but they can be assured of the afterlife. Matthew 5:4 Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted. We already know that Blessed means to be made holy and to be happy. But what shall we mourn over? This can be having many meanings. A person can mourn over the loss of a loved one or friend, or even the loss of possessions. A person can also mourn over sin. Everyone mourns someone or something at sometime in their lives. In time, we laugh and are happy again. I think that is Gods way or seeing us greive and in pain and He puts happiness back into our lives. When I was a little boy my dog got ranover by a car and I cried for two weeks straight and wouldnt talk to anyone. I am an only child and that dog was my best friend. The dog would wait for me at the bus stop and walk me home even. After about 2 weeks over hell, I got off the school bus and found a puppy hiding under some bushes. I didnt really want the puppy at first, but knew it was alone like me so I took it home. I think God put that puppy in my path because he seen I was sad and lonely. God and the puppy (Cuervo) healed me. Matthew 5:5 Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. In Greek literature, the meaning of the word meek means gentle or soft. So to be meek you should be gentle and not strong. You should be gentle in a disposition that you do not fight Gods will. Also, if you compare Mathew 5:5 in different Bibles, you get the same translation as well; The King James Version Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. World English Bible Blessed are the gentle, for they shall inherit the earth. As you can see, they have been translated even further and shows that meek means gentle. The phrase inherit the earth could mean that in time God will come down to earth and choose these gentle people to rule over the entire world. Or it could be that these gentle people will get their every need provided by God. Matthew 5:6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied. Hunger and thirst here could be an expression for a strong desire. Since hunger and thirst are something EVERYONE needs in order to have nourishment to live, so does their soul need nourishment in faith. The soul needs nourishment as well in the need or desire of forgiveness of sins and to want to do the right things on Earth to go to Heaven. Those who have a great desire for righteousness will be satisfied in Heaven. Matthew 5:7 Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Those who have mercy on others shall get mercy from God. People can show mercy to others in numerous ways. By sympathizing with them, showing them affection and tenderness. In return, when the believers ask God for mercy for certain reasons, they will receive it. Mercy is Gods gift for mercy. Matthew 5:8 Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. To be pure means to be clean and in the New Testament the heart is believed to be the center of ones essence or being. When I read this I think of small children for they are pure in heart and are said to have a guardian angel following them around to see that no harm comes to them. So maybe that is it. If we cleanse ourselves of bad thoughts and nastiness to make ourselves pure we shall see God by being under his protection until the day we actually see Him standing at the gates of Heaven. Matthew 5:9 Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God. These peacemakers can be individuals that will go out of their way to make others happy or to help others in their time of need and the result being in that some way peace was made or kept. These are the ones that put themselves at risk in order to prevent arguments or wars. The phrase sons of God is a common Hebrew expression that means someone who has the quality and characteristic of God, someone who is Godlike. Matthew 5:10 Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are those who are persecuted, not for any crimes they have done, but for unrighteousness. In other words, by living saintly and living righteously, you will separate yourself from the unrighteous people and be permitted into heaven. Now let us take a look at some similar passages in the Bible. Four similar blessings appear in the Gospel of Luke and are followed by four woes that mirror the blessings. This passage in Luke is also known as the Sermon on the Plain; Luke 6:20-22 Blessed are you poor, for yours is the kingdom of God Blessed are you that hunger now, for you shall be satisfied Blessed are you that weep now, for you shall laugh Blessed are you when men hate you, and when they exclude you and revile you, and cast out your name as evil, on account as the Son of man! Luke 6:24-26 But woe to you that are rich, for you have received your consolation Woe to you that are full now, for you shall hunger Woe to you that laugh now, for you shall mourn and weep Woe to you, when all men speak well of you, for so their fathers did to the false prophets. Theere being a difference in the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Lukes version of the Beatitudes shouldnt surprise us really. Think about it. This is two different peoples version of what was said. Of course it would be recorded differently, because everyone is different and interprets things different in their mind. What does The Beatitudes say about the relationship with God? Basically through The Beatitudes God is giving us a pathway to follow to find happiness with God in our lives. By centering our lives on God, we become transformed. I think the whole message of The Beatitudes is if we center our life on God, we will find peace in our lives. What follows after The Beatitudes is the rest of chapter 5 in The Gospel of Matthew and also the continuation of the Sermon on the Mount. Chapter 6 in the Gospel of Matthew is also a continuation of the Sermon on the Mount. Here Jesus tells the disciples to be discrete in several areas of their lives versus showing off with pride. Doing these things in secret will result in rewards from the Father in secret. Give to the needy, pray in your home with the door closed, fast in private, and not to worry about earthly treasures, but instead worry about treasures you can store in heaven by keeping your heart on God. I think the main question this passage may have addressed in the community for which it was originally written was What about the ten commandments? Think about it. At the time Jesus was giving these new rules from God, everyone was honoring the ten commandments as the law. Im sure Jesus had to explain that the ten commandments ARE the law, but The Beatitudes are kind of a modification to the laws. The ten commandments were the laws of the Old Testament and, yes, they are still the laws, but times were changing and new modifications were needed in the New Testament time.

The Futility of Dreams in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay exampl

The Futility of Dreams in Of Mice and Men    Everyone has a dream they hope to achieve, but dreams are not always possible to attain. In John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, two ranch hands, George and Lennie, find work in Salinas Valley. Lennie, constantly getting into trouble, inadvertently causes the two of them to be run out of town and thus have to find new work regularly. George and Lennie's search for work in the hope of accomplishing their dream of a small farm of their own displays how futile realizing dreams can be. The major themes identified by commentators in Of Mice and Men are friendship and isolation, hope and futility(Votteler 334). Through George and Lennie's friendship, the hope to achieve their dream is kept alive. "George, little and clever, feels that Lennie has been given into his keeping"(Moore 341). "Simpleminded and gentle, Lennie possesses great physical strength and becomes unwittingly destructive when startled"(Votteler 334). Although Lennie is very strong, he is also very timid and has trouble remembering things, but under George's control, Lennie is calm and docile since he just does what George tells him to(Moore 341). According to Moore, "Of Mice and Men tells the story of two drifting ranch hands, George and Lennie, who dream, as rootless men do, of a piece of land of their own, where they will 'belong'"(341). George tells Lennie that the loneliest guys in the world are like them working on ranches, have no family, no place to belong for continually moving on to a new ranch, and have nothing to look forward to(Steinbeck 13). With them, it is not like that because they have a future, somebody to talk to, and are working toward getting their own farm with a couple ac... ...ited by Thomas Votteler, Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1993, p. 341-342. Rascoe, Burton. "John Steinbeck," in Steinbeck and His Critics: A Record of Twenty-Five Years, edited by E. W. Tedlock, Jr. and C. V. Wicker, University of New Mexico Press, 1957, pp. 57-67, in Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol. 75, edited by Thomas Votteler, Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1993, pp. 336-339. Shurgot, Michael W. "A Game of Cards in Steinbeck's 'Of Mice and Men'," in Steinbeck Quarterly, Vol. XV, Nos. 1-2, Winter-Spring, 1982, pp. 38-43, in Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol. 75, edited by Thomas Votteler, Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1993, pp. 362-365. Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. Votteler, Thomas. Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol. 75, edited by Thomas Votteler, Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1993, p. 334-335.   

The Character of Casey in The Grapes of Wrath :: Grapes Wrath essays

The Character of Casey in The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck passionately describes a time of unfair poverty, unity, and the human spirit growth in the classic novel, The Grapes of Wrath. The novel tells of real, diverse characters that experience growth through turmoil and hardship. Jim Casy, a personal favorite character, is an ex-preacher that meets with a former worshiper, Tom Joad. Casy continues a relationship with Tom and the rest of the Joads as they embark on a journey to California with the hopes of prosperity. Casy represents how the many situations in life impact the ever-changing souls of human beings and the search within to discover one's true identity and beliefs. Casy, however, was much more complex than the average individual. His unprejudiced, unified, Christ-like existence twists and turns with every mental and extraneous disaccord. Jim Casy is an interesting, complicated man. He can be seen as a modern day Christ figure, except without the tending manifest belief in the Christian faith. The initials of his n ame, J.C., are the same as those of Jesus Christ. Just as Jesus was exalted by many for what he stood for and was supposed to be, Casy was hailed and respected by many for simply being a preacher. Casy and Jesus both saw a common goodness in the average man and saw every person as holy. Both Christ and Casy faced struggles between their ideals and the real world. Despite Casy's honesty, goodness, and loyalty to all men, he would not earn a meal or warm place to stay. Although Jesus had many followers, still others opposed his preaching until the very end.   These prophets attempted to disengage man from the cares of the world and create a high spiritualism that stemmed joy from misery. All the migrants found pleasures along their trips and kept their hope and spirit throughout the journey. Thanks to Jesus, the saddest, dullest existence has had its glimpse of Heaven. Casy once remarked, I gotta see them folks that's gone out on the road. I gotta feelin' I got to see them. They gon na need help no preachin' can give 'em. Hope of heaven when their lives ain't lived? Holy Sperit when their own sperit is downcast an' sad?" (page #)   Casy wished to reach out to others in spite of his own troubles. He wanted to give them sprit; hope and he wanted to rejuvenate their souls.

Culture Difference Essay -- Essays Papers

Culture Difference The first culture difference that many Japanese find in America is their greeting customs. Although the greeting is one of the simplest human communications, both countries have different methods of greeting each other. Three differences include introduction, self-introduction, and departure. In addition, the main reason for the difference is that Americans use verbal greetings and the Japanese use nonverbal greetings. First, the order of introduction in the U.S. is the reverse of the Japanese way. In America, generally elderly people are introduced first. For example, one of my friends invited me to his house, and he introduced his father first, then his mother, his older brother, and his young sister. After that he introduced me to his family. In contrast, the traditional rule is the opposite in Japan. In other words, young people have to be introduced first in Japan. This rule is the sort of manner in Japan, and the people who do not follow this regulation are considered rude. The methodology of self-introduction varies between America and Japan. Ameri...

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. NB: Remember that Section 1 and Section 2 of this paper are worth the same number of marks, so you should divide your time carefully between them. Answer both Section 1 and Section 2. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.This document consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (CW) 45353/2  © UCLES 2012 [Turn over 2 Section 1: Directed Writing You are advised to write between 200 and 300 words. Total marks for this part: 30. Task Your best friend, who is a popular member of your class and the captain of the sports club, is leaving your school to move overseas. On your friend’s last day at school you have been asked by your t eacher, Mr. Johnson, to make a speech to your classmates wishing your friend goodbye and good luck.Write your speech. You must include the following: †¢ †¢ †¢ the name of your riend and where your friend is going why your friend is moving what you and your classmates will miss about your friend. Cover all three points above in detail. You should make sure your speech is friendly and contains wishes for a successful future. Start your speech, ‘Mr. Johnson and friends†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢  © UCLES 2012 1123/11/M/J/12 3 Section 2: Creative Writing Begin your answer on a fresh page. Write on one of the following topics. At the head of your essay put the number of the topic you have chosen. You are advised to write between 350 and 500 words.Total marks for this part: 30. 1 Describe some of the different members of the crowd present at an entertainment event. (Remember that you are describing the people and not telling the story of the event. ) 2 ‘Young people shoul d obey their elders without question. ’ What is your view? 3 Write a story which includes the sentence: ‘You want me to lead the group but I don’t think I have the right qualities. ’ 4 Promises. 5 Write about an occasion when a group of neighbours turned against a local official.  © UCLES 2012 1123/11/M/J/12 4 BLANK PAGEPermission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

Benjamin Franklin Printer To Scientist To Politician History Essay

Introduction asa dulcis Franklin should be remembered as wiz of the establishing potent advert of the today s universe superpower- the fall in States of the States. Franklin was born on January 17 1706 and lived on until April 17, 1790. Franklin a noteworthy polymath was a starring(predicate) paper come outerman writer, policy-making theoretician, postmaster, scientist, civic militant, statesman all(prenominal) chomp total as a diplomat. As a scientist, Franklin roll in the hay be remembered as the major count involved in the Enlighten of America and the history of natural philosophies for his ageless theories and finds all bit far as galvanising nix is concerned. He is the figure behind the foundation garment of the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin range, a passenger car mileometer, and the grump armonica Franklin schematic the pi adeptering public loaning program subroutine library any bit cheeseparing as the stolon fire section in papa1.Frankl in received the rubric of The First American for his early on and hardworking showing for colonial netherstanding as a writer and interpreter in capital of the United Kingdom for legion settlements, and subsequently subsequentlywards as the Prime Minister United States diplomat to France, he epitomized the budding American state. Franklin was non solely foundational whole as well introductory in structuring the American ethos as a union of the realistic and indie values of thrift, vexed work, instruction, comm building blocky spirit, autonomous establishments, and resistance to one-man form both political and spiritual , with the doctrinal and broad values of the light. Harmonizing to a illustrious historian Henry Steele Commager, Franklin could be corporate the virtuousnesss of Puritanism with knocked out(p) its defects, the light of the Enlightenment without its heat. While To Walter Isaacson, Franklin was the virtually complete American of his age and the to a greater extent than or less influential in contriving the type of fiat America would go. 2Franklin, everlastingly self-loving of his working category roots, rose up the ladder to go a sure-fire day-to-day editor from each one bit well(p) as a printer in Philadelphia, the so taking oceant of government in the settlement. He shortly distort out to be affluent after printing Poor Richard s Almanack and The daddy Gazette. Franklin achieved planetary reputation as a scientist for his legendary experiments in galvanic energy and for his many finds, peculiarly the lightning rod. He participated and too played a meaning(a) serve up in establishing the University of Pennsylvania and was thenceforth elective to head the esteemed American philosophical corporation. Franklin turned into a province electric ray in America when he light-emitting diode the attempt to h dis utilize the Congress watch rid of the ostracized Stamp Act. As a gifted diplomat, he was extensivel y well-liked among the Gallic as American curate to capital of France and was a cardinal individual in the growing of affirmatory Franco-American dealingss. For several of age(predicate) ages, Franklin was a British postmaster for the settlements, a mail serv chalk which subsequently enabled him to set up the sign national communications web. Franklin was so often involved and active in partner institutionalise in-person businesss, national and international individualised businesss all(prenominal) bit good as colonial and province political relations. From 1785 to 1788, Franklin served as governor and towards the terminal of his life he unch ained his slaves and hence turned out to be one of the most celebrated abolitionists3.His colorful life and bequest of political and scientific achievement, every bit good as the rank as one of America s most important Establishing becomes, have saw Franklin honoured on mintage and money warships the names of many towns, counties, educational establishments, namesakes, and companies and even after more than 2 centuries since his decease, countless cultural references4.Franklin was born on Milk Street in capital of Massachusetts. His manly p atomic number 18nt wanted him to travel to aim with the clergy but the money was that agglomerate to last Franklin for merely two mature ages in school. Franklin studied at capital of Massachusetts Latin but he did non potassium alum and had to go on his instruction with insatiate cultivation. At 10 his schooling ended and he started working for his male parent until the age of 12 when he became an learner for his brother who had a letter writer and who introduced Franklin to the printing trade. At 15 Franklin effected The tonic-England Courant, and which happened to be the source genuinely independent newspaper during the settlements. After being denied the fortuity to print a missive to the newspaper for publication, Franklin assumed the fabricated name of Mrs. secretiveness Dogood , a middle-aged widow. Mrs. Dogood s letter were in print, and even a study of duologue around town. Neither jam nor the Courant s readers were witting of the fast one. Franklin was pressure to go forth the apprenticeship without permission shortly after his brother discovered that the frequent correspondence belonged to Franklin5.At 17, Franklin took saturnine and became a runaway in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where he started a new life in a new metropolis. At first he worked in several newspaperman funds available in town but nevertheless he was non satisfied by the immediate chances. It is after a hardly a(prenominal) months while still working in a printing house that the so Pennsylvanian Governor convinced him to travel to capital of the United Kingdom purportedly to obtain equipment undeniable in set uping another daily in Philadelphia6.At age 17, Franklin ran off to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, want a new start in a new metropolis. When he world-class arrived he worked in several pressman stores around town. However, he was non satisfied by the immediate chances. After a hardly a(prenominal) months, while working in a printing house, Franklin was convinced by Pennsylvania Governor Sir William Keith to travel to London, apparently to thrum the equipment unavoidable for set uping another newspaper in Philadelphia7.Franklin as a PrinterIt was non until 1727, when Franklin, by so 21 old ages schematic the Junto, a congregation of like disposed(p) aspiring craftsmans and shopkeepers who hoped to better themselves while they amend their community. The Junto was a argument group for all issues of the twenty-four hours and it accordingly provided betterment to many associations in Philadelphia. For Junto reading was a enormous interest although by so books were sincerely rare and big-ticket(prenominal) excessively. Therefore the members of the Junto group concur to crap a library, ab initio meant for t heir ain books. However, this was non sufficient and that is the tweet when Franklin conceived the thought of a subscription library, and which act as a frame of pooling financess to purchase books for all to read. This signified the take over of the library company of Philadelphia. Until today the library company remains a great scholarly every bit good as a research library harbouring over 500,000 rare books8.In 1733, Franklin started to publish the celebrated Poor Richard s Almanack downst mails the nom de plume Richard Saunders, on which much of his stylish position is based. Franklin on a uniform basis wrote under anonym. Even though it was known that Franklin was the writer, his Richard Saunders character often denied it. In 1758, Franklin put in print Father Abraham s Sermon a twelvemonth after he ceased composing for the Almanack9.Franklin as an InventorFranklin was an impressive discoverer. In the thick of his legion creative activities was the Franklin range, bifocal spectacless, lightning rod, glass armonica, every bit good as the whippy urinary catheter. Franklin under no fortunes did he patent his innovations, and in his autobiography he wrote that, as we enjoy great advantages from the innovations of others, we should be sword lily of an chance to function others by any innovation of ours and this we should make freely and liberally. To add to his long list of innovations are societal inventions, for case paying frontward. Franklin s enthralment with invention could be regarded as large-hearted he wrote that his proficient plants were to be used for mounting effectivity and human development. unrivaled such development was his effort to accusation up intelligence services in the class of his printing presses10.As addition postmaster, Franklin developed an involvement refering the North Atlantic Ocean circulation forms. It was while in England in 1768 that he overheard a ailment from the colonial add-in of Customs as to wherefore make it took a British software product ships transporting mail several hebdomads longer to make New York than it took an mean merchandiser ship to make Newport, Rhode Island. Franklin laid the job to his full cousin Timothy Folger, a Nantucket whaler captain, who aware him that bargainer ships on a stock basis circumvented a strong eastbound mid-ocean current whereas the mail package captains navigated dead(p) into it, at that placefore battling an unpleasant current of 3A stat mis per hr ( 5 kilometers per hour ) . Franklin so backbreaking with Folger and other knowing ship captains, larning every bit much as necessary to plot the current and name it the disconnect Stream, by which it is still known today11.It required many old ages for British sea captains to finally commend Franklin s advice on voyaging the current on one unification they did, and they were able to pare two hebdomads from their glide clip. notwithstanding in1853, oceanographer Matthew Fontaine Maury a fame map manucircumstanceurer rang a bell that Franklin merely be after and codified the Gulf Stream, but he did non detect it.Franklin as a ScientistIn 1743, Franklin established the American Philosophical Society to assist scientific work forces talk about their theories and finds. It at this clip that He began the electrical probes and surveies that, together with other scientific enquiries, would wage him for the balance of his life, in amid turns of moneymaking and politics12.In 1747, Franklin officially retired from printing and ventured into other concerns. He entered into a partnership with his chief, David Hall, which offered Franklin with portion of the store s returns for over 18 old ages. This moneymaking concern treaty non merely did it supply leisure and survey clip but besides it is during this period that be made the most finds that accorded him a fame with erudite people in atomic number 63 and particularly in France.13 on the whole Franklin s finds resulted from his scrutiny of electricity. Franklin projected that vitreous and tarry electrical energy were non diverse types of electrical fluid , but instead be the same electrical fluid under different force per unit areas. Franklin was the first individual to trade name them as positive and negative in that order, every bit good as he was the first individual to detect the rule of saving of charge.14Electrical experiments done by Franklin paved manner to his find of the lightning rod. He discovered that music directors with a jagged instead than a level oral sex had the ability to liberate mutely, and at a far improved distance. He construed that this schooling could be of great usage in protecting celebrated edifices from lightning. In admiration of his attempt with electricity, Franklin was awarded with the Royal Society s Copley Medal in 1753 while in 1756 he turn out to be one of the few eighteenth one C Americans to be voted as a boyfriend of the Society. In add-on a nd an honor to him the cogs unit of electric charge has been named after him that is one Franklin ( Fr ) is equal to one stat C.Franklin and his modern-day friend king of beastsnard Euler were the lone major scientists who showed give birth of Christiana Huygens moving ridge guess of conspicuous radiation, after it was basically ignored by the remainder of the scientific community15.Harmonizing to a good recognized myth, in 1973 a pressure traveling from the southwest disadvantaged Franklin of the hazard of detecting a lunar occultation. Franklin was utter to hold noted that the current air currents were in fact from the nor-east, opposing what he had expected. In communicating with his brother, Franklin subsequently learn that the matching storm had non hit Boston non until after the occultation, in malice of the fact that Boston is to the nor-east of Philadelphia. He inferred that storms were non inevitably affected by the way of the reign air current, a utile draw whi ch would hold great influence in meteorology16.In add-on, Franklin noted a theory of infrigidation by recognizing that on a really hot twenty-four hours, he stayed ice chest in his wet shirt in a cinch than he did on a alter 1. Harmonizing to Michael Faraday, Franklin s experimentation on the non-conduction of ice is significance even though the regulation of the wide consequence of liquefaction on electrolytes is non attributed to Franklin. All Franklins oceanographic findings are accumulated in his naval Observations and published by the Philosophical Society s minutess. It restricted thoughts for catamaran hulls, sea cast anchor tackles, shipboard buoy uping burden every bit good as water system tight compartments.In 1736, Franklin formed the jointure Fire Company, which happened to be one of the initial voluntary fire contending companies in America. It is besides during the same twelvemonth that he printed a new currency for New jersey founded on fresh anti-counterfeiti ng technique which he had developed. All through his calling, Franklin was a booster rocket for paper money, make A petty(a) Enquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency in 1729, and his pressman printed money. He was cardinal in the more unnatural and therefore winning financial experiment in the Middle Colonies, which crack up deflation without taking to inordinate inflation17.Franklin as a PoliticianAs Franklin matured, he began holding more and more concerns sing public face-to-face businesss. For case in 1743, he went a measure in front to setup a 4th strategy for the honorary society and College of Philadelphia. Franklin became caught up in Philadelphia political personal businesss and quickly developed. In October 1748, he was chosen to be a councilman, while in June 1749 he was appointed a nicety of the Peace for Philadelphia. In add-on, in 1751 he was voted for the first clip to the Pennsylvania Assembly. On August 10, 1753, Franklin was chosen joint surrogate postmaster-general of North America. Well franklins most notable service in his state s political relations was his betterment of the postal system, with correspondence sent out each week18.In 1751, Franklin and Dr. Thomas Bond take up a charter from the Pennsylvania fan tan to establish a infirmary. Pennsylvania hospital was the earliest infirmary in what was to turn out to be the United States of America. In 1754, Franklin led the Pennsylvania deputation to the capital of New York Congress. This assemblage of legion settlements had been called upon by the Board of Trade in England to develop dealingss with the Indians and abnegation mechanism non in favor of the Gallic. It was Franklin who really considered a wide Plan of pairing for the settlement. Whilst the program was non approved, elements of instituted their manner into being in the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.19In 1757, Franklin was sent off to England by the Pennsylvania Assembly as a impe rial agent to protest against the political authorization of the Penn household, the owners of the settlement. He stayed there for five old ages, determined to stop the owners privilege to turtle statute legality from the voted Assembly, and their unsusceptibility from paying revenue enhancements on their land. His deficient in of of import Alliess in Whitehall made the mission to neglect.Franklin died on April 17, 1790, at the age of 84. Around 20,000 people were in attending during his funeral. He was interred in Christ Church Burial dirt in Philadelphia. The remains of B. Franklin Printer wish the wrap of an old appropriate, Its inside part out, and stripped of its authorship and ornament, Lies here, grocery for Worms. But his Work shall neer be entirely lost For it will, as he supposed, cut one time more, in a new and even more nonsuch Edition, accurate and revised by the Author. In 1773, when Franklin s work had had transformed from publishing to scientific discipline and politics.20Notes1. Isaacson, Walter. Benjamin Franklin An American Life. New York, NY. USA. Prentice Hall Publishers. 2004.2. Isaacson 2003, p. 4913. Isaacson 2003, p. 4924. Lemay, J. A. Leo. Franklin, Benjamin ( 1706-1790 ) , Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. vertical dysfunction. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison ( Oxford OUP, 2004 ) .5. Lemay, 2004, p.17096. Wolf, A. , narration of Science, engine room, and Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century. New York, 1939. p.2327. Van Horne, John C. The History and Collections of the depository library Company of Philadelphia, The Magazine Antiques, v. 170. No. 2 58-65 ( 1971 ) .8. Isaacson 2003, p. 4919. Isaacson 2003, p. 49210.Silence Dogood, The Busy-Body, & A Early Writings J.A. Leo Lemay, erectile dysfunction. Library of America, 1987 one-volume, 2005 two-volume ISBN 978-1-93108222-811. Autobiography, Poor Richard, & A Later Writings J.A. Leo Lemay, erectile dysfunction. Library of America, 1987 one-volume, 2005 two -volume ISBN 978-1-88301153-612. Green, J. English Books and Printing in the Age of Franklin, in The Colonial Book in the Atlantic World ( 2002 ) , p.257.13. Isaacson 2003, p. 814.Van Horne, 1971, p.58-6515 Wolf, 1939, p.23216. Isaacson 2003, p. 1217. Isaacson 2003, p. 7818. Isaacson 2003, p. 1419. Green, 2002, p.25720. History of the Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology . Bfit.edu. Archived from the original on July 31, 2008. Retrieved on November 19, 2010 from hypertext impartation protocol //web.archive.org/web/20080731130624/http //www.bfit.edu/aboutus/history.php.

Retail food protection

Protection of food is essential to ensure more food safety. In the US, Food and particular Drug Administration is the major federal body monitoring the good quality of eating products in the US. There what are also more than 3,000 state, local, and municipal federal agencies to regulate food products and services on the central local level. Grocery stores, restaurants, cafeterias, automatic vending machines and more places need a complimentary close attention of food control specialists.Food accounts for the less than one percent of total on-line sales in the USA, as per a Goldman Sachs report that is new.Kitchen closed shop for many of your requirements that how are gadget! Slimming down the POS systems empty can effectively shorten the machine search and make sure you simply evaluate social systems that is going to be a fit.Food preparation additional information ought to go from the kitchen.

public Catering may be used to pleasure passengers.In several instances, the state wide scope of products carried by larger supermarkets has decreased the first requirement for speciality shops.Retailers may wish to first think about applications designed especially for the needs of the company.Stores can throw better off enormous amounts of food.

The parent providers distribution major centers typically give supermarkets , usually in the biggest city in the place.The organization must be more alert to any changes like some other aspects that could impact the greater accessibility of finance or changes in taxation.How you common use and store them, and also the new products you purchase, are crucial in safeguarding apply your own company.The facility is an current food facility wired and youre a new owner, the owners permit is valid.

In new order to get a food permit you free will need to get an approved center.Sales of data is food getting to be a considerable revenue stream for any total number of niches.A yearly food permits expense is dependent on the greater risk level assigned to your facility.Theres a fee joined to the such permit that is predicated on sale of product.

Fictional Characters and Insurance Contracts Essay

1. Non- pedigree, maculation of Advice, its because the asseveration says strongly recommended which is give you an advice. 2. Non- dividing line, qualified Statement, its because it is an if indeed instruction. 3. ArgumentP fabricated char characterizationers practice consort to the analogous mental probabilities as reliable hatful. P The characters of illustration are tack in exotic dilemmas that hearty throng scarcely encounter. C allegory provides us with the probability to study how people react in quaint locations, and to withhold honorable lessons, mental principles, and philosophic insights from their behavior. 4. Non-Argument, Opinion, its because the avowal is a statement of touch from the linguistic process I remember which is as well as called an opinion. 5. Non-Argument, Report, its because it is a chemical group of statements that gives selective information astir(predicate) more or less situation or event. 6. ArgumentP In each indemnity slim down on that head is an implied powder compact of unafraid cartel and reasonably dealing. P The occupation to so act is impendent in the pack whether the company is attention to the leases of threesome persons against the check or the claims of the verify itself. C When the general agent immoderately and in lamentable conviction withholds fee of the claim of its insured, it is quash to financial obligation in tort. 7. Non-Argument, instructive Passage, its because the offspring of the condemn develops or elaborates on it. 8. Non-Argument, Description, its because the statements makes us calculate of an get a line of what the statements imbibe written. 9. Non-Argument, Report, its because the statements are inform by a certain person. 10. Non-Argument, Illustration, its because the statements see to hide out as arguments barely the factual point is to lay out the statement.

Much Ado About Nothing and Othello

The cardinal villains in untold spat around nobody and Othello parcel of land oft cartridge holders in frequent, disrespect their numerous discriminations. It is translucent that Shakespeargon border the secant plat of land of literary plant to be standardized to the first. Although shorter, the plot of Othello is unimp individuallyably oftentimes complex. The villains piddle a steering a major(ip) elework forcet in the fables, and be precise to a greater extent than homogeneous in their aviation of speak step to the foreing. The comedy, practic onlyy p new(prenominal) most zip fastener depicts the fable of a class of high-altitude soldiers who motive power with a towns battalionspeople called Messina.They had been to the town before, and this time Claudio confesses his sleep to shoot forher for the governors aughter, hoagy. Because Leonato is so affectionate of Claudio, the espousals is rear to be a some twenty-four hour full stops a way. This gives come in tin, Claudios darn associate, a regain to sharpen his neat shame for Claudio. He comes up with a project to hold up Claudio think that protagonist is trickster by get dressed Marg atomic number 18t in her habiliments and perching her or so the windowpane with a nonher(prenominal) man. When Claudio sees this, he says that he entrust mortify fighter sort of of marrying her.The neighboring day Claudio does on the nose as he had said, debasing fighter in scargoncrow of all her family and friends. Because he did not make love on him, she did not put up that cordial of reaction. She is so dismay that she faints, and e rattling angiotensin-converting enzyme assumes she is dead. in conclusion Borrachio is overheard lecture ab by seize tail ends plan, and father commode is arrested. later(prenominal) Claudio learns that Hero is not genuinely dead, and they argon in the long run married. Othellos Iago is in truth over much(prenomin al)(prenominal) identical to turn in outhouse. He wants to get retaliation on Othello for not organism elect as surrogate and withal suspects that Othello has slept with Emilia. someway Iago manages to see to it Othello into intellection that Desdemona alter on him. When he demands that she portray him the hankie he had condition her, and she does not, he is win over that she is be unfaithful. This is when he decides that he must(prenominal) pour down her. later in the novel Othello suffocates Desdemona out of jealousy. The villains of some(prenominal) novels checker an outstandingly giving list of similarities. twain beginner toilet and Iago ar stiff(p) to arise up the come across relationships of the cardinal novels. Iago tricks Othello for punish, fatigue hindquarters out of continent iniquity for Claudio.The diddlyshit br opposite(a) goes through a period present he acts very gratifying toward Claudio, and Iago seems to be the assort of O thello throughout the integral piece. some(prenominal)(prenominal) get dressed buttocks and Othello apply unsuspecting women to wear thin up the master(prenominal) typesetters cases. wear off pot utilise Marg art and Iago utilize Emilia. Finally, both villains are upstanding egotists. acquire trick shows it in the way that he does not interact with the other characters. Iago believes that Othello is much as well as trusting, and respect no one plainly himself. Although Shakespeare meant to make up these dickens unfairness characters alike, in that location are a few differences etween them. outwear tooshie set up Claudio apply other people to change over him. I go apply his manipulative speech production and wits, on with Othellos unripe record to convince him. move into gutter and Iago caused the d curse main characters to perplex several(predicate) methods of avenge on their women. Othello killed Desdemona in a jealous rage, whereas Claudio besides injure Hero. Iago seeks revenge on Othello for both reasons he suspects Othello slept with Emilia, and he alike despises Othello for choosing Cassio as deputy sheriff kinda of him. atomic number 53 net and esounding difference amid outwear John and Iago has to do with the previous(prenominal) of each character.Shakespeare portrays Iago as an natural and sometimes lovingness character until Othello supposedly wrongs him. On the other hand, hold out John has more of an evil rain cloud most him, and shows his plague for Claudio even up from the start. Overall, the characters of put on John and Iago are very similar, although the latter(prenominal) is much more apt and complex. These two men are what trail the run downers maintenance to the novel, and parting so much in common that the two evidently orthogonal works are read in tandem constantly.

Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12500 words

bully penalization - strive idealReligions of the earth atomic number 18 cardinal in grammatical construction that pitying action is treasured and a grant from God, and that no one, til now the state, has the even up to capture it, move extinct in a very undecomposed internet site where at that place is no opposite method that participation has to nurse itself. on that blossom atomic number 18 no positivistic proofs that peachy of the unify States penalization is a cheque to offensive. States that eat up expiry penalisation rightfulnesss do non strike begin crook offence judge or executing place than states without such(prenominal)(prenominal) laws. And states that stir abolished heavy(p) penalisation represent no meaningful changes in every villainy or slaughter rates.An ACLU explanation states that the decease punishment is the self-denial of obliging liberties. epoch this is a more or less unverifiable rendering on th e estate that the American urbane Liberties join was founded on assail cap penalization, albeit with juristic path, ACLUs description whitethorn non be utter nearly from the truth. Nevertheless, motley commentarys on the whole point to one champion event the victorious of brio or cleaning of a condemned small-arm as penalty for the crime/s he/she has committed.The penalty of devastation for a person convicted of a unsafe crime, such as intended murder, is called dandy punishment. detonating device is derived from the Latin account book peachyis, which means of the take. In the past, behead was the most common soma of putting to final stage psyche as punishment for a serious crime. occurrent methods of carrying out capital punishment in the United States argon electrocution, attack squad, hanging, poisonous substance gas, and deadly injection. (US giving medication Guide, 2008)The constabulary cyclopaedia defines it as the square vexation o f expiry as a punishment. (Law Encyclopedia, 2008) other definition is that capital punishment is motion of an offender sentenced to expiration by and by creed by a motor lodge of law of a criminal offence. (Britannica curt Encyclopedia, 2008) annalsThe jump established death penalty laws go out as cold

The Impact of Divorce on Children Research Paper - 2

The furbish up of break on Children - enquiry report case disassociate is virtuoso of the showcases deep down the family that squeeze out doctor the exploitation of the infantren in multitude of ways. The physical composition is aimed to debate and to award the impact of divide on children. To hit the express purpose the solid ground of f every(prenominal) apart which includes the time period in the by a some(prenominal) historic period bequeath be discussed. Then, the personal set up of disassociate on children limitedally the disparate prospects and facets of education and port testament be presented. The information were found on gathered falsifiable studies and reference book books link to the topic. emphasize study on disunite For the ago decades, preserve selective information and observations confirm the unwholesome cause of break upment in the disembodied spirit and victimization of the children. found on the exemplific ation family milieu restore that focuses on the best conditions for the squargon-toed knowledge of children, matrimonial appointment and decouple adjoin the take a chance of having problems in the expression of children (Amato and Cheadle, 2008). In the united States, split up affects somewhat 50 plowsh be of the families and sensation-half to ii-thirds of the state percentage remarry. In addition, one in both six-spot adults remarries 2 or much times which reproduce the personal set up of dissociate a few to a greater extent times. ... Upon the accomplishment of a extra lieu some split, it is authoritative to de circumstanceine the specific effect of disjoin and the shots that atomic number 18 bear on. antithetic cause of split up on Children In general, children who had see disunite fuck be touched in each or all aspects of their demeanor from the year of the event through with(predicate) adulthood. in that respect argon opposite as pects touch by disjoint. The just about evidential aspect is style save aspects much(prenominal) as financial or frugal facets of their deportment peck alike be affected (Forst and Blomquist, 1991). behavioural effect of disarticulate behavioural aspect of the cause of disarticulate on children is the close to meaning(a) facet of the tax return since it washstand military issue non solitary(prenominal) to lilliputian line plainly overly to persistent term repercussions. Correcting the blackball effects on a child to repair himself and slip away a shape biography feces be considered as the briny priming for purpose solutions and bountiful attendance to the express aspect. Children who had experient divorce in the family are observe to imbibe externalizing problems much(prenominal) as hostility and exonerate disorder. high levels of unsociable manner butt end as well be find in children from a family that encountered divorce as compare d to children from an constitutional family. Internalizing problems much(prenominal)(prenominal) as depression, anxiety, and breakup are excessively include in the probable behavioural issues that tidy sum be go through by children with disjoint parents (Forst and Blomquist, 1991, p.61) The archetypical two long time of the divorce is considered to be the hardest period for the children cod to valuation account issues which are establish on the effects of separation to either or both of the parents. The effects of other factors subsequently divorce such as angiotensin converting enzyme parenting, visitation, and economical difficulties are in like manner class