Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Many Facets of Love Explored

Many Facets of Love Explored in Much hustle or so nobody In Shakespeares romantic drollery Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare focuses a great deal of time to the ideas of young, lustful, and intellectual love. Claudio and Hero, Borachio and Margaret, and Benedick and Beatrice, respectively, each represent sensation of the basic aspects of love. Shakespeare is careful to breaker point out that not one path is better than another. The paths are merely polar, and all end happily. Shakespeare also explores the different aspects of courtship, weddings, and the different facets of love. The aspect of courtship in Much Ado About Nothing dawdles a crucial role in the development of the fictitious characters and in the evolution of the play as a whole. The character that must undergo the greatest transformation during the courtship process is Beatrice. The first mention of courtship is in Act One, pictorial matter one, when Beatrice inquires about Benedick with inspiration I pr ay you, is Signor Mountanto returned from the wars or no? Beatrice loves Benedick, and he loves her, save she is too proud to admit that she has feelings for any man. She denies her square(a) feelings to herself so often that it has done for(p) from being a ruse to being the truth she believes Stand I condemned for pride and scorn so much? / Contempt, farewell, and maiden over pride, adieu (III. ii. 108-109) There Beatrice realizes how insulting she has been and vows to cast off her steel armor for one made of chocolate. Now, it isnt the chocolate with nuts or the fudge chocolate or even milk chocolate, but the chocolate that is white and pure so she can impress upon it her requited love for Benedick I will requite thee, / Taming my round the bend heart to thy loving sink (III. ii. 111-112). Beatrice has... ... ceremonial aspect of relationships and how wrong they can go if given the leeway with Claudio and Heros wedding. Finally, Shakespeare shows how powerful the physical a ttraction between twain people can be so powerful that one becomes totally subservient to the others commands and requests. The moral of the play Know thyself, and thy neighbor. Works Cited and Consulted Barton, Anne. Introduction. Much Ado About Nothing. The Riverside Shakespeare, 2nd ed. capital of Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997. 361-365. Lewalski, B. K. Love, Appearance and Reality Much Ado About Something Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 8 (1968) 235-251. Rossiter, A.P. Much Ado About Nothing. William Shakespeare Comedies & Romances. Ed. Harold Bloom. untried York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Shakespeare, William. Much Ado About Nothing. Bevington 216-51. Much Ado About Nothing Essay Many Facets of Love ExploredMany Facets of Love Explored in Much Ado About Nothing In Shakespeares romantic comedy Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare focuses a great deal of time to the ideas of young, lustful, and intellectual love. Claudio and Hero, Borac hio and Margaret, and Benedick and Beatrice, respectively, each represent one of the basic aspects of love. Shakespeare is careful to point out that not one path is better than another. The paths are merely different, and all end happily. Shakespeare also explores the different aspects of courtship, weddings, and the different facets of love. The aspect of courtship in Much Ado About Nothing plays a crucial role in the development of the characters and in the evolution of the play as a whole. The character that must undergo the greatest transformation during the courtship process is Beatrice. The first mention of courtship is in Act One, scene one, when Beatrice inquires about Benedick with fervor I pray you, is Signor Mountanto returned from the wars or no? Beatrice loves Benedick, and he loves her, but she is too proud to admit that she has feelings for any man. She denies her true feelings to herself so often that it has gone from being a ruse to being the truth she believes Sta nd I condemned for pride and scorn so much? / Contempt, farewell, and maiden pride, adieu (III. ii. 108-109) There Beatrice realizes how scornful she has been and vows to cast off her steel armor for one made of chocolate. Now, it isnt the chocolate with nuts or the fudge chocolate or even milk chocolate, but the chocolate that is white and pure so she can impress upon it her requited love for Benedick I will requite thee, / Taming my wild heart to thy loving hand (III. ii. 111-112). Beatrice has... ... ceremonial aspect of relationships and how wrong they can go if given the leeway with Claudio and Heros wedding. Finally, Shakespeare shows how powerful the physical attraction between two people can be so powerful that one becomes totally subservient to the others commands and requests. The moral of the play Know thyself, and thy neighbor. Works Cited and Consulted Barton, Anne. Introduction. Much Ado About Nothing. The Riverside Shakespeare, 2nd ed. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1 997. 361-365. Lewalski, B. K. Love, Appearance and Reality Much Ado About Something Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 8 (1968) 235-251. Rossiter, A.P. Much Ado About Nothing. William Shakespeare Comedies & Romances. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Shakespeare, William. Much Ado About Nothing. Bevington 216-51.

Organ Donation Saves Lives Essay -- Persuasive, Argumentative, Argumen

About seventy-Four people a day receive an organ transplant, however an average of seventeen people die each day postponement for transplants. Did you know that more than 88,000 men, women and children currently await life-saving transplants? Every 12 minutes another name is added to the national transplant waiting list. Of those 88,000 waiting, 61,000 of them are waiting for a kidney. How many of you reading this are organ donors? I use to feel that I didnt want a doctor taking anything from me after I have passed, even knowing that two of my family members, an uncle and cousin, had severe kidney disease. It wasnt until after they had passed away that I really thought seriously just aboutwhat organ donation. Im not rarified of my prior ignorance or ambivalence on the subject of organ donation. However, I am now more knowledgeable on the subject. I have a bumper sticker on my car that reads, Dont take your organs to Heaven, Heaven knows we need them here and how true th at is. When you hear something like that it tends to make you think about your close not to donate. But in all honesty I wasnt completely sure about just giving my organs away, I had to do my research on organ donation, I had questions, and I wanted answers. Questions like How are organs distributed? give the bounce I agree to donate some organs or tissue and not others? If I sign a donor card or propose my donation preferences on my drivers license, will my wishes be carried out? And Can I change my instinct? These are some of the questions I will answer for you today along with giving you a brief description about what life is like waiting on a donor list.The first successful kidney transplant was in 1954 and is the most common transplant today.The primary f... ...donate some organs or tissue and not others? Yes. You push aside specify which organs you would wish to donate. If I sign a donor card or indicate my donation preferences on my drivers license, wil l my wishes be carried out? Even if you sign a donor card it is essential that your family knows your wishes. Your family may be asked to sign a consent form in order for your donation to occur.Can I change my mind? Yes, and you have that right to do so. You can change your mind at any time.In conclusion, people of all races, all nationalities, and all ages, depending on the cause of death, die and take with them very valuable organs that can help to fulfill a healthy life for someone who desperately needs them. What if that someone was sitting next to you? What if it was me? Or what if it was you? Dont take your organs to nirvana, heaven knows we need them here.

Hamlet :: essays research papers

HamletOne of the themes I found in the play Hamlet, was the way Hamlet seemed to hold back on getting revenge for his draws murder once he know who did it. After his fathers death and the hasty remarriage of his mother to his uncle, Hamlet started to spiral into a suicidal frame of mind. It is in this state that he meets the mysterious figure of his fathers obsess where he is told that it was his uncle, Claudius responsible for his death. Hamlet pledges to revenge his murder by Claudius who, the ghost also informs Hamlet, had already committed adultery with his queen during his lifetime. Although Hamlet accepts the ghosts word while he is with him, seeds of doubt about the ghosts authenticity have been sown from the very beginning of the play and continue to torment Hamlet up until the end of the play (Heilman p.45). Hamlet is not shore if this is really his farther or a devil in disguise. Hamlet Swears revenge will be quick for his fathers murderer. For the dickens months since Hamlet has seen the ghost, Hamlet has been unable to commit his vowed revenge unable to explain to himself either his long delay or his depression and insanity. Maybe hes scared of ta pansy revenge on Claudius, he may think by taking revenge he endangers his own person. No matter how remunerate a man might think his motives are, if Claudius is innocent the act of revenge would inevitably make Hamlet as evil as the accused in the eyes of God (Becker p.32). Hamlet decides to test Claudius guilt and the authenticity of the ghost he will stage a performance of a play, which will regurgitate Claudius crime and observe his reaction to it(Durband p.304). This plan was successful because Claudius broke down during the performance. Hamlet now knows Claudius is the murderer, and the ghost was actual his father. Hamlet has a perfect prospect to achieve his revenge when he accidentally comes upon the guilt-ridden Claudius alone in prayer. Again he rationalizes himself into delay, this time on the grounds that his revenge would not be horrible enough as Claudius penitence might save his soul from hell. Although Hamlet dies at the end, he was able to avenge his fathers death. Because Laertes confessed that the king was to blame for hamlets mothers death as well as for the poison on the sword, Hamlet was able to achieve his revenge in terms that exonerated his soul from danger.

An Analysis of Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

The Importance of Things Fall Apart     The novel Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, was an eye-opening account of the life and eventual extinction of an African folk called the Ibo. It focuses on one character, Okonkwo, who at a very early age set out on a quest of self-perfection. Coming from a family ruled by a man who was lazy and inconsistent with everything he did, Okonkwo vowed to never accept the fate of his father. Okonkwo and his family suffered through many hard times in their lives, but usually managed to come out on top. Through terrible crop seasons and bad judgement calls, Okonkwo usually prevailed, until the day came when he was faced with a situation that could not be resolved by his strength and character alone.   This novel also provided a very detailed, and seemingly accurate, account of the lives of the Ibo. The Ibo were an extremely spiritual people who answered to their gods daily. A hardworking people who based their personal wor th on their community and crop achievements. Their yam crops were the backbone of the community and he who possessed the largest crops were usually respected by all in the community. The Ibo were a very gendered people. The men normally made all the rules and the woman were taught to respect their husbands decisions. In particular, Okonkwo ruled his household with an compress fist. He often beat his wives for small reasons and felt little to no remorse for doing so. While it was not uncommon for the men of the Ibo tribe to beat their wives if they disobeyed orders, Okonkwo was a character that oftentimes took it too far. In one point in the novel he badly beat one of his wives, Ojiugo, during the sacred week. During this time no one in the tribe is to commit such acts, as it is a time for peace. By beating his wife, he defied the gods and was forced to offer up brute sacrifices and payment to them. This one of Okonkwos major character flaws, he is stubborn and self-r ighteous, and wishes to answer to nobody but himself. This even leads to eventual fate, when he refuses to join the Christians when most everyone else of the tribe gave in to their ideas.

poetry is a social act rather than an isolated object :: essays research papers

Is verse a social proceed rather than an isolated object? Is poetry meant to be overlap with others, or meant for the individual?Personally I can think of examples that would justify both of these statements. Poetry itself is almost impossible to define tho to describe a poem, as a social act or an isolated object doesnt necessarily mean that the next poem is. There are unless cases that would suggest that poetry does indeed lean more towards the social act description allotted by this particular essay-title.One point that arose during a unseasoneds with a fellow student concerning this question was that poetry itself originated from song the medium of song itself being a very social form of expression so logically poetry is also a social form of expression. I personally agree with this point and firmly be falsehoodve that the origins of poetry do lie in the social act of singing. But one of the most unique, fascinating and potent qualities of poetry (of which there are a few ) is its state of flux, it is constantly ever-changing and re-inventing itself so to think of poetry as a mere derivative or deviation of song is to miss the point of poetry entirely.One salient social re-invention of poetry that comes to mind is that of the Beat Movement. The "Beat Movement" in modern literature has become an important period in the memoir of literature and society in America in particular but also around the world. Incorporating influences such as jazz, art, literature, philosophy and religion, the beat writers created a new and prophetic vision of modern life and changed the way a generation of people see/saw the world. One of the most important contributions to contemporary verse was to take poetry out of the classrooms and into non-academic setting coffee houses, jazz clubs, large public auditoriums and even athletic stadiums making it an even more social act/form of expression. Poetry is more popular and more read at this time than anytime in previo us history, not only spoken poetry but also sung poetry of a high order, reminiscent of poetries origins. Keeping this further socialisation of poetry in mind I would also similar to stress the point that although poetry was in its most social environment yet the emphasis was firmly on the individual and their individual poetry, attempting to isolate their poetry from all previously heard. So in the ideal situation although the act would be social, the object would be isolated.

poetry is a social act rather than an isolated object :: essays research papers

Is poetry a kind act rather than an isolated object? Is poetry meant to be shared with others, or meant for the individual?Person eithery I can think of examples that would justify both of these statements. Poetry itself is almost impossible to define but to describe a poem, as a social act or an isolated object doesnt necessarily mean that the next poem is. There are however cases that would argue that poetry does indeed lean more towards the social act description allotted by this particular essay-title.One point that arose during a discussion with a fellow student concerning this question was that poetry itself originated from song the medium of song itself being a very social ricochet of expression so logically poetry is besides a social form of expression. I personally agree with this point and firmly believe that the origins of poetry do lie in the social act of singing. But one of the most unique, fascinating and potent qualities of poetry (of which there are a few) is it s state of flux, it is constantly changing and re-inventing itself so to think of poetry as a mere derivative or deviation of song is to miss the point of poetry entirely.One prominent social re-invention of poetry that comes to mind is that of the Beat Movement. The "Beat Movement" in modern publications has become an important period in the history of literature and society in America in particular but also around the world. Incorporating influences such as jazz, art, literature, philosophy and religion, the beat writers created a new and vatical vision of modern life and changed the way a generation of people see/saw the world. One of the most important contributions to contemporary verse was to care poetry out of the classrooms and into non-academic setting coffee houses, jazz clubs, large public auditoriums and even athletic stadiums making it an even more social act/form of expression. Poetry is more popular and more read at this time than anytime in previous histor y, not only spoken poetry but also sung poetry of a high order, reminiscent of poetries origins. Keeping this further socialisation of poetry in mind I would also like to puree the point that although poetry was in its most social environment yet the emphasis was firmly on the individual and their individual poetry, attempting to isolate their poetry from all previously heard. So in the ideal situation although the act would be social, the object would be isolated.

Oedipus Complex in Hamlet

Oedipus Complex in hamlet In Shakespeares settlement, Hamlets personality base be explained by the Oedipus Complex. Throughout the play there are many times where he proves that he has Oedipus Complex. Oedipus Complex was non around at the time that that Hamlet was written. It bonnie shows that Shakespeare saw the same personality complex as Freud. Freud first named the Oedipus Complex Theory in his book , An Interpretation of Dreams, in 1899. Freud states The child takes both of its parents, and more particularly one of them, as the object of its erotic wishes. Freud explains that it is normal to have versed desires for the parent of the opposite sex. These are normal in children and usually broadcast after the age of five. When these sexual desires do not go away and they continue into adulthood this is when someone would be considered to have an Oedipus Complex. When there is a sexual desire for the mother, as Hamlet did, a rivalry is formed between the father and the son. Hamlets father is in a form of a ghost, that only he can communicate with. He was murdered while Hamlet was away at school. When he returns he finds his mother, Gertrude, remarried to his fathers sidekick Claudius.This infuriates Hamlet, and brings out his repressed Oedipus Complex. This drives Hamlet crazy. He is consumed and outraged by this incestuous marriage. Now I use the word incestuous because in those days it was considered incest to bind your husbands brother. What needs to be explained is exactly what Hamlet it is upset over. It is to be assumed that he is outraged because Claudius has re ranged his own fathers place next to his mother. This is not the case. Hamlet is upset because Claudius has taken his place next to his mother. Hamlets deepest wish is to be king and his mother, Gertrude, queen.Thus proving the Oedipus Complex theory set ahead. Children allow for have feeling of hate toward the parent of the same sex this theory states. Hamlet has many hateful tende ncies towards both of his fathers, Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, and Claudius. We know from reading the play that Hamlets father was not affectionate or spend any quality time with him. He spent a lot of time at war. Although he had anger towards him, he could never show it. He repressed it. For Claudius on the other hand, Hamlets feelings of hatred are expressed overmuch more openly. Hamlet internally fights with his feelings towards Claudius.His father has come to him as a ghost, telling him that Claudius is responsible for his murder. Hamlet essential avenge his father, but struggles to do so. Subconsciously, Hamlet identifies with Claudius. Hamlet envies Claudius for killing his father and taking his position next to Gertrude. This is everything Hamlet has subconsciously wanted to do. So in essence he cannot kill Claudius because, in part, he would be killing himself. Hamlet is consumed with thoughts of his mother having sexual relations with Claudius. A very significant part of the play is Act III scenery IV.This is where Hamlet and his mother meet in her closet. The closet is very meaningful because this signifies hiding. The bedroom is significant because this is where private situations occur. Maybe Shakespeare played out this important scene in the bedroom to show the sexual feelings Hamlet has for his mother. In this scene Hamlet confronts his mother about her relationship with Claudius. He does not come murder as a son asking concerning questions towards his mother. He acts jealous while he asks her how she can stand to be touched by him. These are not normally son to mother questions.He is explicit in what he says and concentrates of her sexual acts between her and Claudius. You could explain it more as an obsession. At the end of this scene it is axiomatic that Hamlet is jealous of the attention Gertrude is giving Claudius. Hamlet, as a child, would have found pleasure in these feelings towards his mother, but now it is a feeling of disgust . This further proves the Oedipus Complex Theory. Hamlet is so consumed with his mothers relationship with Claudius. He in turns shows similar feelings towards Ophelia. He toys with her emotions as he feels Gertrude toys with his.Throughout the play Hamlet is try with his repressed feelings towards his mother, his hatred for his fathers, and avenging his father. The same reason he could never act out on his hatred for his father is the same reason he must avenge him. It is his moral code. He struggles with avenging his father though because he is so focused on the incestuous relationship between his mother and Claudius. He cant truly avenge his father until Gertrude dies. At that time the Oedipus Complex is released and he is able to carry out his duties and kill Claudius.

Blind people on China Essay

in that location are 5 million wile masses in the whole globe. And mainland China is taking the first place of this problem. China accounts closely 18% of blind commonwealth. Most of them cant live independent they all necessitate several(prenominal)ones garter. Also we can know that 90% of blind people are living in modern cities. For example Beijing (capital), Shanghai and etc. he total number of blind people in China at any given time expressed as a percentage of the total population is around 0. 4%. gibe to the facts from internet, the countrys ever-increasing blind population has al gety exceed the total population in such countries as Denmark, Finland or Norway.In the whole world main problem ob blindness is cataract. Beca intake of only the cataract blindness accounts 2. 5 million people in the world. Each year about 400,000 people befit blind in one moment because of it. Cataract predominantly a disease associated with ageing. According to the famous Chinese websi tes, we can know that the reason of blindness in China not only cataract but also it include cornea diseases, trachoma, glaucoma. I took some interviews from 2 Chinese people. When I talked to my Chinese teacher from high cultivate I was pretty surprised. First she told me about problems of blind people.It started past years ago, when with time at that place are more than and more blind people was with the aforesaid(prenominal) objects to government. Chinese population doesnt respect blind people. They are behaving to them very bad. Population doesnt see any personality in them. They are acting to blind people like to animals. And every time peoples words were such a Blind people-they are not independent, they cant help to our country. They cant do anything. They are not useful for China. So in my mind first thought was government in China need people only for useful thing? Its so selfish and not correct.I think everyone will agree with me. Nowadays theres so more ways to cur e blind people. According to the facts from the Internet 80% of blindness possible to cure. It was many accidents when even young people didnt help to blind old person. And with years there are more and more problems. How my teacher said government first didnt dash it such a big problem, but with time when there are more people with objects and arguments to them, they started to pay more attention to blind people. In 2011 many of them were really angry to the government. Hundred blind people want government toallow them seminal fluid with dogs to public places. Because how I said before they all need help. They thought if they cant come with dogs, they couldnt even come inside of any places. Some of them cant do it only with walk stick or every time hope to theirs hearing. And till now they are trying to get an access for that. Only part of public places allowed them come with dogs. and they are also good people who are trying to make blind peoples animation easier. For example my guardians Chinese relay link said that, one Chinese scientist developed a cheap e-notebook for blind people.He told me only that information, without any details, so I searched in Internet more about that e-notebook. The e-notebook, called B-Notes, allows people to take notes or memos using Braille or by recording speech. It is similar in size to a mobile phone. B-Notes makes use of technologies developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Computing Technology (ICT), including interpreting software. Prototype e-notebooks were trialed on ten blind people last month. Wang Xiangdong, technical foul leader of the ICT team that developed the device, says that Braille can be conveniently input using a panel on the e-notebook.And when B-Notes is connected to a computer, the Braille-Chinese translation software can be used to convert Braille into Chinese characters automatically, he says. Currently, there are almost 39 million blind people in the world, according to the W HO. And according to the China Disabled Persons Federation, there are more than 12 million visually disabled people in China. Wang said that the basic technological research for the e-notebooks has been completed and they are expected to be available in China later this year at a cost of 500 to 800 RMB.The e-notebook has three main features. First is the Braille input. The e-notebooks input panel has an array of mini keys that allows users to type. Second is the intelligent translation system, which is up to 95 per cent accurate. When the e-notebook is connected to a computer, pre-installed software moves all Braille in the device over to the computer and translates it into Chinese characters. Third, the e-notebook has a voice interface. There are voice prompts to guide users through the devices various operations.Currently, the notebook can only translate Chinese Braille to Chinese characters. But Wang says that if other countries express an interest in the device, it will be possi ble to produce e-notebooks that translate other versions of Braille into other languages. The blind people who well-tried the prototype notebooks told developers that they found them portable and easy to use. According to WHO website The goal of the Chinese Ministry of Health over the coming years is to reduce the prevalence of blindness in the country to less than 0.3%, i. e. almost by half. And it really makes happy that, government paying more attention to blind people nowadays. How I read with every year they are opening more school for blind people. Also it is increasing accounts of hospitals where people can help to this nondependent people and make theirs life easier. They were some accidents when some of them cured of blind. Also I heard that most professional people who are doing massage all are blind. China has some hospitals with this course. Where they are teaching them.In my opinion, they have to pay more attention to blind people. And give them more good conditions. M ake rules that everyone should respect each other, in particular blind people. Government should ask them what they need, what help they want from government. China should open more clinics and hospitals for poor people. Who cant pay to theirs treatment. They also need help from others. They should allow to blind people come with dogs in public places. And I can make conclusion from all of it that government should heed to them.

Free Speech vs The Right of Children Essay

The ethical implications of such a topic must be carefully reviewed in order to r for each one an overall judgement and finishing as to whether every citizens right to express exemption of speech is an exclusive entitlement, or whether certain limitations ought to be implemented in order to safeguard the whiteness of youth. This essay aims to punctuate that the latter must take precedent over any reckless expression of this right. William Orville Douglas once stated that Restriction of free thought and free speech is the most dangerous of all subversions (Douglas, 49).This, although, provokes ones belief that liberty of speech is a duty bestowed upon all of us to convey, it quite clearly fails to fuck the duty, and more than importantly, the responsibility every adult has to protect the early stages of a childs life from the evils our world presents. This paper willing ultimately underline the obligations and duty each adult faces in order to protect the innocence of youth. It is surely every reasonably minded adults obligation to watch over and ordain what our children view.In such a society where information is so readily accessible and available via the outlets of the internet and television, the dangers of being exposed to the vulgarity of erotica and the malignity of violent themes presented in television shows has never been more apparent. The entertainment industry thrives on the younger audiences following such 2 shows as wrestling and obtains pelf at the expense of the corruption it invokes in the psyche of children. Statistics show that teenagers who regularly tune into professional wrestling shows are far more likely to be involved in violence in their adult lives (Taylor, 1).This surely is an indication that our right to express violence as an questionable privilege has insinuations that directly relate the youth of our society. Ann Mainville-Neeson aptly asserted dont abandon safeguards in the name of freedom of expression. Although she was directly observing the rights of women, the same notion faecal matter be adopted in our argument confirming that freedom of speech is a privilege that must be wielded sensibly. Chomsky ob armed serviced that If you believe in freedom of speech, you believe in freedom of speech for views you dont like (Chomsky, 183).This statement is flawed in that it does not account for the level of morality freedom of speech invokes. The question whether freedom of speech is appropriate is undeniable. After all the right is protected under statutory law, in particular Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Brownlie, 299). The argument remains of proportionality and whether the justification of merely quoting statute is enough to qualify anyone to thoughtlessly portray images that may kibosh the standing of our children in later adulthood.Interestingly, the First Amendment of the United States Constitution clearly instructs that, although the freedom of expression and sp eech is a fundamental right and can be enjoyed without any interference from the 3 government, the Supreme Court still recognize that such enjoyment must not summon any form of natural process that can cause violence or a breach of the peace. If this fact was to be correlated and run parallel with the observations made and results collaborated by the Southern medical examination Journal, then one could argue that serious ramifications may be incurred and reform necessary to coincide with the law of the land.The availability and open accessibility to pornography, both aristocratical and hardcore to children must be reviewed. Arguing that this is merely an avenue for those involved in the pornographic to articulate their freedom of speech and expression is absurd and holds small-minded regard for repercussions that their exposure may fork up to young minds. Andrew Maisel stipulates that parents can control a degree of how much their own children are exposed to pornography on the internet is by banning the use of internet altogether. This concept, although harsh, offers a insight as to the desperate nature and dilemma most parents are left in.A situation leaving the parent to contemplate restricting online use for their children is a huge step backwards, yet it is often considered as an alternative. A lesser of 2 evils if you will. The pornography industry must take steps in order to reduce the number of people who are inadvertently subjected to explicit, and often illicit, material. Henry Waxman and Steve Largents report on the level of accessibility of pornography suggests that even accidental access can have detrimental effects. They cite the hypothetical example of a teenage girl innocently typing in 4Britney Spears into a music video search again and retrieving a result list of which 70% of the results contained pornographic titles (Waxman, 9). The question of responsibility over undoubted financial profit comes is raised again, and unfortunately, it s eems as though the industry prefers the well being of its own existence by attracting promote attention to itself, to fulfilling their duty as adults and protect the children and ensure their smooth, educated transition into adulthood. However, Soraker poses a possible reason as to the uncontrollable nature of pornography on the internet.The increasing use of frameworks within which meshing users can contribute nontextual information constitutes a serious obstacle to government attempts to accurately censor and supervise Internet traffic (Soraker, 40). The basic notion that too many sites are available for users of all ages to file share and contribute to the problem presents us with further difficulties in tackling the fundamental issues in question. Once again we are faced with queries founded in the level of responsibility and proportional morality. Our society seems to cater far more to unconventional behaviour.So much so that such acts have entered into the mainstream of soc iety, and what was deemed taboo a decade ago, is now part of our day to day make up. It is each and every adults responsibility to ultimately allow their children, whether it be their own or ones of their community, to benefit from a culture free from such pervertions that will eventually serve to destroy their 5 innocent attributes. The unfortunate phenomenon remains that industries operating within the media will continue to function and canvass their ideals, which will undeniably capture our youngsters attention. scratch and financialgain will remain to be an overriding factor that will drive the industry. All this with so little regard for the affect their actions will have on our children is a terrible tragedy. Surely the responsibility rest squarely upon the shoulders of the parents and other adults who have the control and voice to rise up against such barbaric exploitation. The future certainly looks bleak if our children pass on the violent and perverted tendencies portray ed in todays media onto their own children and thus creating a snowball effect whereby the situation gets worse with every generation.The time to act is now. Freedom of speech is a right that many countries do not have the benefit of enjoying at all. We, however, seem to abuse this right. Brandish it, manipulate it and even use it as an excuse to further push the boundaries. A measure of responsibility must go hand in hand when we discuss the issue of free speech. It seems, however, that the majority of us have forgotten that aspect.WORKS CITEDDouglas, William Orville, Right of the good deal Greenwood Press. 1980. 48-49 www,consumer affairs.com, Young TV Wrestling Fans Take More Chances Southern Medical Journal. February 2008 1-2 Chomsky, Noam. Manufacturing Consent Noam Chomsky & the Media 1993 183-185 Brownlie, Ian. Principles of Public International Law 5th Edition. Oxford 1998. 299-299 http//www. superkids. com/aweb/pages/features/netporn/, Parents, Kids and Pornography on the Internet 1-2 Waxman, Henry & Largent, Steve. Childrens Access to Pornography Through Internet File-Sharing Programs July 21st, 2007. 8-11 Soraker, Johnny Hartz, The Information Socity Penguin. 2007. 40-41

Introduction to Art Principles Essay

Writing about imposture can come across as something extremely challenging for soul who does not comport any previous knowledge about art. A musket ball analysis is a breakdown of the artistes materials and how it is used and making a prediction the meaning of the piece. overly the basic drawing classes I took in high school, a person like me could probably write a general paper on art but may not be able to put together and analytic essay.In the Formal Analysis and Style chapter of the Barnet book, it teaches you how to write a formal analysis, what formal analysis means, and what you should know about a piece of artwork before writing a one. In the beginning of the chapter, Barnet makes it fairly clear that a formal analysis is not a description of art, simply because of the fact that a description is based on what any person might see, or else than someone who is looking for the actual meaning of the work.The chapter then goes into detail on what you should look for when wri ting a formal analysis. Style conveys different distinguishing characteristics in artwork. Its how we can categorize types of art (sculpture, painting) and time periods.Next, Barnet shows the reader how to begin to structure a formal analysis. He states that after analyzing the piece, basic notes, or the scratch outline, should be written. Once your scratch outline is finished, your notes should be organized and a more detailed outline should be formed. Once completed you should begin to write a draft. Barnet stresses the importance of knowing what each paragraph says, and what each paragraph does.Knowing the difference between drawings and paintings, sculptures, and architecture, in books and on the Internet is the last thing Barnet mentions in this chapter. He points out the pros and cons of this form of access to art.In conclusion, I fell like this chapter helped me understand how to properly write a formal analysis. However someone with knowledge could benefit just as much as so meone who has no prior knowledge.

Mcdonald’s Market Structure

Introduction By the late- 1990s tight- aliment range of mountains McDonalds had enjoyed 40 years of exceptional performance. McDonalds place mission is to be a customers favorite place and way to eat. McDonalds instaurationwide deeds argon aligned nigh a global outline c altogethered the image to Win, which center on an exceptional customer experience People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion. They ar committed to free burningly improving theirs operations and enhancing customers experience. McDonalds place the customer experience at the core of all they do. McDonalds customers are the reason for their existence.So, McDonaldss demonstrate appreciation by providing them with richly quality forage and superior service in a clean, welcoming environment, at a wide value. Their goal is quality, service, clean draw and quarterss and value for to each one and each customer, each and every time. McDonalds are committed to people. They provide opportunity, cherish talent, develop leaders and reward achievement. They believe that a team of sound-trained individuals with diverse backgrounds and experiences, give waying together in an environment that fosters respect and drives high levels of engagement, is essential to continue success.McDonalds course model, depicted by three-legged stool of owner or operators, suppliers, and confederacy employees, is foundation, and balancing the interests of all three groups is a key. McDonalds operate their billet ethically. Sound ethics is good cable. At McDonalds, they hold their selves and conduct the business to high standards of fairness, honesty, and integrity. McDonalds are individually accountable and collectively responsible. McDonalds give back to our communities.They engender seriously the responsibilities that come with being a leader. McDonalds help their customers build better communities, support Ronald McDonald Ho physical exercise Charities, and leverage their size, scope and resources to h elp show the area a better place. McDonalds grow their business salaryably. McDonalds is a familiarly traded go with. As such, they work to provide sustained profitable growth for their shareholders. This requires a uninterrupted focus on McDonalds customers and the health of our system. McDonalds strive continually to improve.They are a learning organization that aims to dwell and respond to changing customer, employee and system unavoidably through constant evolution and innovation. Task 1 History of McDonalds TheMcDonalds eating place concept was introduced inSan Bernardino, CaliforniabyDick and Mac McDonaldofManchester, New Hampshire. It was modify and expanded by their business partner,Ray Kroc, ofOak Park, Illinois, who later bought out the business interests of the McDonald brothers in the concept and went on to foundMcDonalds Corporation.In October 1948, after the McDonald brothers realized that virtually of their profits came from selling hamburgers, they closed down their successful carhopdrive-in to establish a stream ripd system with a simple menu of just hamburgers, cheeseburgers, French fries, shakes, soft drinks, and apple pie. The carhops were eliminated to make McDonalds aself-serveoperation. Mac and Dick McDonald had taken great care in setting up their kitchen the likes of anassembly lineto ensure maximum efficiency. The restaurants name was again changed, this time to simply McDonalds, and reopened its doors on December 12, 1948.In 1960, the McDonalds advertising campaign Look for theGolden Arches gave sales a larger boost. Kroc believed that advertising was an investment that would in the end come back many times over and advertising has always played a key case in the development of the McDonalds Corporation. Indeed, McDonalds ads consent been some of the most identifiable over the years. In 1962, McDonalds introduced its now world-famous Golden Arches logo. A year later, the political party sold its billionth hamburger an d introducedRonald McDonald, a red-haired clown designed to appeal to children.Arise of Burger mogul In the late 1970s, disputation from other hamburger chains such asBurger King began to intensify. Experts believed that the fast-food industry had become as big as it ever would, so the companies began to battle fiercely for mart share. A period of aggressive advertising campaigns and exist slashing in the early 1980s became known as the burger wars. Burger King suggested to customers have it your way and had attracted many customer and restore McDonalds sales and food market share.The forerunner to what is now the international fast food restaurant chain Burger King was founded in 1953 inJacksonville, Florida, as Insta-Burger King. Inspired by theMcDonald brothers pilot burner store arrangement inSan Bernardino, California, the founders and owners, Keith J. Kramer and his wifes uncle Matthew Burns, began searching for a concept to open a new restaurant around. After buying the rights to two pieces of equipment called Insta machines, the two opened their first stores around a cooking device known as the Insta-Broiler.The Insta-Broiler oven proved so successful at cooking burgers, they required all of their franchises to carry the device. After the original attach to began to falter in 1959, it was purchased by its Miami, Florida, franchisees James McLa more than than and David R. Edgerton. The two initiated a merged restructuring of the chain the first step was to rename the caller-out Burger King. The duo ran the company as an independent entity for eight years, eventually expanding to over 250 locations in the United States, when they sold it to the Pillsbury Company in 1967. McDonalds Burger King The first original McDonalds opened in 1948, a restaurant created by Mac & Dick McDonalds in St. Bernandino Burger King was founded in 1953 inJacksonville, Florida, as Insta-Burger King by , Keith J. Kramer and Matthew Burns Establish a streamlined sy stem with a simple menu of just hamburgers, cheeseburgers, french fries, shakes, soft drinks, and apple pie. Equipment called Insta machines, the two opened their first stores around a cooking device known as the Insta-Broiler In 1962, McDonalds introduced its now world-famous Golden Arches logo. Expanding to over 250 locations in the United States Delight each customer with unmatched quality, service, cleanliness and value every time Dedicated to supporting and investing in our people employees, franchisees, suppliers and restaurant guests Place the customer experience at the core Customers always right similitude of solves of McDonalds & Burger King Task 2 McDonalds Internal Environment The most essential factor comes from the internal company or precisely the management itself.Managers must work closely with other department to come out with a strong marketing plan to boost McDonalds sales and efficiency of the operation. For example, the company management has a clear goals regarding importance of retaining customers by offering satisfaction to all its customers. Supplier Supplier is an important factor in the relation with McDonalds and its consumer. To have a good, continuous and no disruption supply, McDonalds must build a strong kin with the suppliers. McDonalds must likewise consider that in the business market environment, it is competing with other fast food operators.Any strike, supply shortages and increasing of prices in market must be monitored closely by McDonalds to ensure it will not affect its bottom line performance. Simple economical rules, the more the input cost, the more the companys overall cost and pricing will be and thus it affect the saturation of sales to customers. However, pricing is not as important as close relationship and integration that McDonalds must achieve with vendors to ensure sustainability of supplier. Distributers Marketing intermediaries are company that helps other company to promote, sell and distribut e the goods to final buyers.McDonalds is a franchise-based business, which headquartered in United States and with franchisee around the world. Franchise system is part of marketing intermediaries to actual corporate McDonalds in United States, which helps to popularize, distribute and expand McDonalds business concept around the globe. However, in the midst to expand the marketing of its brand around the world it must choose a strong creditable franchisee to ensure their business performance is in line with standards set by corporate. McDonalds also need logistic or physical distribution firm peculiarly to help in distribution nd transportation of goods and materials around the country to its restaurant. Customers Customers whether it is business or dwelling house buyer are important factor in microenvironment where McDonalds operates. For McDonalds it is more on household consumers, which is changing fast in the market trend. McDonalds must have a clear market segmentation to diametriciate the consumers group and has a special marketing attention to each of them such as kiddies, adult, working professional and teenagers with different taste of its food.Every consumers trend will affect the company bottom-line performance and if McDonalds cannot change or adapt to the changes of consumer behavior it might risk losing the market. Competitors Fast food industry has a wide range of competitors from small to big size in term of financial capabilities. For example in Malaysia, we have Kenny Rogers, KFC, Pizza Hut, A&W and Marry Brown and to smaller scale, we have Ramli burger stall around the street corner serving the niche market. These are competitors of McDonalds, which McDonalds must compete by offering a differentiation in term of value and satisfaction to its customers.Any values and benefits that McDonalds can utilize to differentiate it apart from all can be a strong marketing point to reach and conquer the market. Marketer must constantly understand e ver-changing customers take, needs by special group and develop strategies to streng so the company positioning in domestic market. Employers The good things for this company is it provide a good training to all staff and especially to those involve in management level. Even in Malaysia, many management staff sent to Chicago to training on managing the operation of McDonalds outlet.Hamburger University in Illinois Chicago has graduated more than 70,000 managers who leads and manage the operation of McDonalds outlet in the standard push upon them. Culture of training also prevails at McDonalds with over 32 hours of training for all new employees to ensure they understand the requirement and aspiration of McDonalds for continuation of best fast food restaurant service provider to the customers. McDonalds keen to train its own people and mission to be the best talent developer of people with the most committed individuals to Quality Service, Cleanliness and set (QSC&V) in the world.T ask 3 McDonalds Pestle Analysis McDonalds is comprised of more than 30,000 local restaurants and serves 52 million people in more than 100 countries each day. The company is the largest food retailer in the world and is part of the current way of life. In order to remain competitive and an iconic, McDonalds has developed programs and strategies for organizational behavior in its market environment. As a result, McDonalds presented an excellent opportunity to observe external macro environment which called Pestle. Pestle stands for political, economic, social, technological, environmental and ratified factors.POLITICAL FACTOR The international operations of McDonalds are highly watchd by the individual countrys policies enforced by each presidency. For instance, there are certain(a) groups in Malaysia, Europe and the United States that take actions pertaining to the health implications of eating fast food. They have indicated that harmful elements like cholesterol and adverse ef fects like obesity are attributable to consuming fast food products. On the other hand, the company is controlled by the individual policies and enactments of operations.Specific markets focus on different areas of fearfulness such as that of health, worker protection, and environment. All these elements are seen in the governance control of the licensing of the restaurants in the individual states of the country. For instance, there is an impending legal dispute in the McDonalds franchise in Malaysia where certain infringement of rights and violation of religious laws pertaining to the contents of the food. at that place are also other studies those points to the infringement of McDonalds Stores with annex to the existing employment laws in the target market.Like any business venture, these McDonalds stores have to contend with the issues of employment turns as well as their revenue enhancement obligations so as to succeed in the foreign market like Malaysia. Since it is ap parent that the company is expanding continuously, it is wise to deal directly with the proper authorities in the respective(prenominal) markets that they intend to operate in. This way, the company can adopt a good way of establishing good relationship with the government. It is advisable that the company rests on the good graces of the government on which they will be penetrating.To do this, all they have to do is accomplish all the prescribed acts and satisfy all the prerequisites for doing business. The company must also be acquainted with the law in order to know what their responsibilities and their possible liabilities. Also McDonalds should protect its workers by ensuring all the hiring, compensation, training or repatriation in compliance to the labour laws. ECONOMICAL FACTOR Organizations in the fast food industry are not excused from any disputes and troubles. Specifically, they do have their individual concerns involving economic factors.Branches and franchises of McDon alds have the tendency to experience hardship in instances where the economies of the respective countries are hit by inflation and changes in the exchange rates. The customers consequently are faced with a stalemate of going over their individual budgets whether or not they should use up more on these foreign fast food chains like McDonalds. Hence, these chains may have to put up with the issues of the effects of the economic environment. Particularly, their problem depends on the response of the consumers on these fundamentals and how it could modulate their general sales.In regarding the operations of the company, McDonalds tend to import much of their raw materials into a specific countrys territories if there is a dearth of supply. transmute rate fluctuations will also play a evidentiary role in the operations of the company. The companys international supply as well as the existing exchange rates is merely a part of the overall components needed to guarantee success for the foreign operations of McDonalds. Moreover, it is insistent that the company be cognizant of the existing tax requirements needed by the individual governments on which they operate.This basically ensures the smooth operations of the McDonalds franchises. In the same regard, the company will also have to consider the economic standing of the country on which they operate on. The rate at which the economy of that special(prenominal) country grows determines the purchasing power of the consumers in that country. Hence, if a franchise operates in a particularly economically weak country, their products shall cost higher than the other existing products in the market, then these franchises must take on certain adjustments to maintain the economies of scale.Ideally before penetrating the market, the company must carry out a well conducted market enquiry, especially in the dejections in the economic environment which McDonalds had done before entering the global market due to which the company has been able to bear the frequency of the shifts in the inflation rate as well as the fluctuations in the exchange rates which affects the operations of any company. SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS Articles on the international strategies of McDonalds seem to service on several fields to guarantee lucrative returns for the organization.To illustrate, the organization improves on establishing a positive mind-set from their core consumers. McDonalds indulge a particular variety of consumers with definite types of personalities. It has also been noted that the company have given the markets such as the United Kingdom and Malaysia, an option with regards to their dining needs. McDonalds has launched a sensibly valued set of food that tenders a reliable level of quality for the respective market where it operates.Additionally, those who are aged just below the hold of thirty-five are said to be the most frequent consumers of McDonalds franchises. The multifaceted character of business nowadays is reflected in the harsh significance of the entropy on the subject of the existing market. This procedure is essentially identified in the field as market research. Information with regards to the appeal and potential fields of the market would double as obstructions to the success of the company if this area of the operations is neglected.In the case of McDonalds they establish a good system in determining the needs of the market. The company uses concepts of consumer behavior product personality and purchasing decisions to its advantage which is clearly evident in case of Malaysia as the company was quick in removing their pork barrel products from Malaysias menu. It is said to have a major influence on the understanding of the prospective performance of the organization in a particular market. McDonalds should harbour the relevant information from the target market in addition to the individual customers of the organization.It is imperative that before a franchise is granted to a particular market, a well drafted and comprehensive market research should be conducted initially so as to establish the acts that would conform to good customs, public policies, and morals of the said grounds society. Similarly, the company should find out the shifts in areas like the consumer behavior and purchasing patterns of the market. Fundamentally, this is the key condition for executing a suitable customer relationship management system.Also the company should constantly survey and learn about local culture to better understand and design the best product for them. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS McDonalds generates a demand for its own products. The companys key tool for marketing is by means of Online Facebook and Google ads, Collaboration with these websites to promote sales in India, tv set advertisements, banners and hoardings. There are similarly some claims that McDonalds are inclined to interest the younger populations more. Other demonstration of such a mar keting strategy is apparent in the commercials they use.They employ animated depictions of their characters like Grimace, Ronald and Ham burglar. Other advertising operations employ popular celebrities to promote their products. The like has become endorsers for McDonalds worldwide Im loving it campaign. Moreover, the operations of McDonalds have significantly been infused with new technology. Elements like the inventory system and the management of the value chain of the company allows for easy payments for their suppliers and other vendors which the individual stores in respective markets deal with.The integration of technology in the operations of McDonalds tends to add value to their products. Basically, this is manifested in the improvements on its value chain. The improvement of the inventory system as well as its supply chain allows the company to operate in an international context McDonalds use the internet to their advantage. The cost-effectiveness, interactivity and real- time effects of the communications are a good way to find suppliers. It is also a good way to correspond with the respective McDonalds headquarters in every Country.The company must also look into the use of IT to enhance their inventory operations. As the operations in its inbound and outbound logistics improve, the company will expect significant savings and lessening of costs in the operations. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS The social responsibilities of McDonalds on the country are influential to the operations of the company. These involve accusations of environmental damage. Among the reasons why they are charged with such claims is the employ of non-biodegradable substances for their drinks glasses and Styrofoam coffers for the meals.Several civic groups in Malaysia have made actions to make the McDonalds franchises in Malaysia aware of the rather abundant use of Styrofoam containers and the resultant abuse of the environment. The company should find out the environmental regime t hat governs the operations in every market. It should also monitor the waste disposal of the company. McDonalds should minimize the use of Styrofoam materials and plastic cups. Constant updating of the social corporate responsibility is imperative and implements Go Green.This should also entail that the headquarters should take in hand, a manner of internal control of those that would infringe upon this company objective. LEGAL FACTORS There has been the recurrent bellowing in opposition to the fast food industry. This has similarly made McDonalds apply a more careful consideration on their corporate social responsibilities. On the whole, this addressed the need of the company to form its corporate reputation to a more positive one and a more socially responsible company. The reputation of McDonalds is apparently a huge matter.Seen on the website of the company, it seems that they have acquired strides to take in hand the key social censures that they have been berating them in the past decades. The company has provided their customers the relevant data that they need with reference to the nutritional substances of their products. This is to attend to the arguments of obesity charged against the products of the company. In the same way, the consumers provided immunity in choosing whether or not they want to purchase their meals. This is tied up with the socio-cultural attributes of the market on which they operate.For instance, operations in predominantly Muslim countries require their nerve centre to conform to the Halal requirements of the law. In the same regard, those that operate in countries in the European union should conform to the existing laws banning the use of genetically modified meat products in their food. This was prime reason which forced McDonalds to eliminate beef, pork and Mutton out of Indias product menu. Other legal concepts like tax obligations, employment standards, and quality requirements are only a few of important elements on w hich the company has to take into consideration.Otherwise, smooth operations shall be hard to achieve. As a certified fast food operator, there are many regulations and procedures that McDonalds should follow. McDonalds should protect its integrity and consumer confidence by ensuring all materials and process are as claimed or must followed. Other legal requirement that the business owner should follow as stipulated in laws are such as operating hours, business registration, tax requirement, labour and employment laws and quality & environment certification (such as ISO) in which the outlet has been certified.The legal requirement is important because the offenders will be fined or have their business prohibited from operating which can be disastrous. The company should hire local counsels to deal with the legal conflicts in individual markets on which the company may encounter. This shall ensure the company that the lawyers that will handle their legal affairs are more versed with the legal regime that would ease out certain problems on their operations. Task 4 Impact of European Unions Policies on McDonald The European Union (EU) is a unification of27 member states join to create a political and economic community throughout Europe.Though the idea of the EU might sound simple at the outset, the European Union has a rich history and a unique organization, both of which aid in its current success and its ability to fulfill its mission for the 21st Century. The European Union Policies have an impact on McDonalds market environment. Economic and Financial Affairs (ECOFIN) Cooperation on economic and political matters is based on several forms of cooperation procedures. A fundamental principle when coordinating their economic policies is that Member States are responsible for their national economic policy.As a result of the crisis, Member States have strengthened the coordination of economic policy. However, Member States continue to place strong emphasis on na tional sovereignty in economic matters while adhering to common rules. McDonalds Cooperation is registered under (ECOFIN) and has to seek for character or in co-decision with the European Council every year. Although each EU Member State is responsible for determining its own tax policy, the EU still cooperates on relevant aspects of taxation. This applies especially to policies which affect international trade and trade among the Member States.The Member States therefore cooperate on certain aspects of taxation with cross-border effects. For instance, McDonalds have tell taxation rate in various country based on the country exchange rate. Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs (EPSCO) From the very beginning, the free movement for workers hasbeen one of the basic rights within the European Community and this was the focal point of the first social and employment policy of the EU. The McDonald normally makes decisions in co-decision with the European Council.This p rocedure applies for instance when the Council passes legislation about the working environment, conditions at work, and the free movement of workers of McDonalds. The EU has the mandate to compliment McDonalds initiatives in the area of health for the purpose of protecting people from health threats and diseases, promoting healthy lifestyles and helping national authorities in the EU to cooperate on health issues. This is especially relevant when it comes to burgers of McDonalds which is high in cholesterol and may lead to heart disease.Therefore, McDonalds have to modify the ingredient of the burgers. Competitiveness (COMPET) The McDonalds has to follow with industrial policy since the establishment of the EU. A milestone in the EU industrial policy is the establishment of the Single Market, which created a large home market for industry providing businesses with the opportunity to mass produce and profit from large-scale operation like McDonalds. Today, industrial policy is subj ect to the co-decision procedure, meaning that Competitiveness in business is legalistic. For an example, Burger King is legal competitor for McDonalds.The European research and innovation cooperation and the close connection between research, innovation and education play a decisive role in securing future growth. Therefore, the EU gives high antecedency to this area and allocates considerable funds annually to finance the McDonalds research programmer. Agriculture and Fisheries (AGRI) Through the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) the EU wants to ensure an economically executable agricultural sector that produces safe, high-quality food based on environmentally sustainable production. Moreover, the CAP contributes to ensuring good business and living conditions in rural areas.By requiring farmers to deliver public goods in return for the financial support, the Common Agricultural Policy is to ensure that beneficiaries deliver public goods on a range of relevant aspects, such as an improved environment and climate, innovation, technology and food quality of McDonalds. EU consumers should be confident that the foods on the market are healthy, safe, of high quality and produced with respect for sentient being welfare. Improvements of food safety levels in the EU through the harmonization of standards will be of high importance of McDonalds.EU countries have adopted common rules for McDonalds hygienics and self-monitoring and common rules for authorities monitoring of the food industry. An EU inspectorate also monitors whether the McDonalds implement food legislation correctly. Task 5 Global Factors That Affect McDonalds Businesses are affected by an external environment as much as they are affected by the competitors. Global factors influencing business are legal, political, social, technological and economic. Understanding of these factors is important while developing a business strategy. Social factorsThese factors are related to changes in social structure s. These factors provide insights into behavior, tastes, and lifestyles patterns of a population. Buying patterns are greatly influenced by the changes in the structure of the population, and in consumer lifestyles. Age, gender, etc. all determine the buying patterns and understanding of such changes is critical for developing strategies which are in line with the market situations. In a global environment it is important that McDonalds business strategies are designed keeping in mind the social and cultural differences that qualify from country to country.Consumer religion, language, lifestyle patterns are all important information for successful business management. Legal factors These factors that influence McDonalds business strategies are related to changes in government laws and regulations. For a successful business operation it is important that the businesses consider the legal issues involved in a particular situation and should have the capability to anticipate ways in w hich changes in laws will affect the way they must behave. Laws keep changing over a period of time.From the point of view of business it is important that they are aware of these changes in the areas of consumer protection legislation, environmental legislation, health & safety and employment law, etc. Economic factors These factors involve changes in the global economy. A rise in living standards would ultimately imply an increase in demand for products thereby, providing greater opportunities for McDonald to make profits. An economy witnesses fluctuations in economic activities. This would imply that in case of a rise in economic activity the demand of the product will increase and hence the price will increase.In case of reduction in demand the prices will go down. Business strategies should be developed keeping in mind these fluctuations. Other economic changes that affect business include changes in the interest rate, wage rates, and the rate of inflation. In case of low inte rest rates and increase in demand McDonald will be support to expand and take risks. Therefore, business strategies should have room for such fluctuations. Political factors This refers to the changes in government and government policies. Political factors greatly influence the operation of McDonald. This has gained significant importance off late.For example McDonalds is operated in the European Union have to adopt directives and regulations created by the EU. The political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses, and the spending power of consumers and other businesses. Business must consider the stability of the political environment, governments policy on the economy. Technological factors These factors greatly influence McDonalds strategies as they provide opportunities for businesses to adopt new innovations, and inventions. This helps the McDonalds to reduce costs and develop new products.With the advent of modern communication technologies, technologic al factors have gained great impetus in the business arena. Huge volumes of information can be securely shared by means of databases thereby enabling vast cost reductions, and improvements in service. Organizations need to consider the latest relevant technological advancements for their business and to stay competitive. Technology helps business to gain competitive advantage, and is a major number one wood of globalization. While designing the business strategies firms must consider if use of technology will allow the firm to manufacture products and services at a freeze off cost.Firms can select new modes of distributions with the help of technology. It has become easier for companies to communicate with their customer in any part of the world. Conclusion From the beginning in 1948 as a fast food restaurant in Southern California, McDonalds grew by the end of the twentieth century into the worlds largest food service organization, having served up more than 100 billion hamburger s in half a century of operation. In conclusion, McDonalds are executing all these customers service improvement programs to constantly portraying itself as a friendly, healthy and quality food provider to customers.McDonalds is trying to build long-term relationship with customers to ensure the retention rate in the market where competition is tough between all the fast food restaurant operators. The purpose of this paper work is to analyze McDonalds with its competitor Burger King, internal microenvironment, Pestle analyze, impact of EU Policies and global factors on McDonalds. Hereby, I strongly believe that I have reached your expectation on this case study. References McDonald (2012). A short history of McDonald. purchasable from http//www. articlesbase. com/a-short-histoty-of-mcdonalds03920. tml Accessed on 20/2/13 Frank Newman (2009). Burger King A short Story. Available from http//www. 21e5-11e4-dsas3-00134fascesds04. html. Accessed on 20/2/13 Edita Novana (2003). McDonalds Cooperation Analyze. Available from http//www. mcdonalds. com-analyze-cooperate-profile-corp. Accessed on 22/03/12 Edward Dean (2009). European Union Policies. Available from http//www. ec. europa. eu/policies/index-en. html. Accessed on 26/2/13 Anita Cameron (2011). Global Issues that affect Business. Available from http//www. enziarticales. com/? Global-Issues-That-Affect-Business. html. Accessed on 28/2/13

Spyware on Children’s Computers; Regorian Rhetoric

Pargonnts as Undercover Cops Spyw be is any technology that aids in gathering information astir(predicate) a person or organization with bulge out their knowledge. On the internet, spyware is programming that is post in round sensations computer to secretly gather information rough the user and relay it to advertisers or other interested parties. In this case, the other interested parties are heightens. Parents are becoming more than and more entertainive of their kids. legion(predicate) are now becoming open to the idea of putting spyware on their clawrens computers when previously that was unthought-of.No matter what ones particular outlook on this subject is, thither are pros and cons of each side, and most seem to lean largely on one side or the other, as opposed to being more in the middle. There are some(prenominal) harmful traps on the internet, still does that justify tracking childrens every keystroke on their computer? Harlan Coben believes spyware is more than justified. In Cobens article, The Undercover Parent, Coben states that parents are overprotective of their kids in many other aspects, such as knowing their passwords to their phones, supervising them at all events, and so on.So why get them their independence when it comes to the internet? I understand what he means and even agree with his reasoning in some commissions. Coben says that the ones doing the surveillance are not some government officials they are loving parents laborious to protect their offspring. This argument is valid because it shows that the parents who choose to put the software in computers are really just trying to keep their kids better(p) interest in mind, and those who compare it to being surveyed by a government agency or something of the like is ludicrous.Some children are at chance of being harmed through the internet, and do require that surveillance. The children that are unknowingly communicating with a pedophile, or the 43% of teens that form be en victims of cyber bullying in the last year, could gain had a possibility of being helped if their parents had spyware software d fall uponloaded onto their computer. (Stop Cyber Bullying Before it Starts) Of course, what-ifs are al flairs going to be asked, and there is no way that spyware sack solve these problems fully. Pedophilia and cyber bullying are both serious issues and need to be stopped.Yes, spyware could help the problem. Yes, spyware could alert or notify a parent if one of these two activities is going on, which could be extremely beneficial. I agree that spyware should be used in these very specific situations. Coben also believes that having this program reinforces to children the incident that the internet is not a hurln of privacy. In an academic journal article regarding Facebook, a website that many children and teens are using, it is written that We need to teach them that nought IS PRIVATE online, especially their social networks (Fodeman).All children need to understand and acknowledge that the internet is not private, but even more so those who use social networking, because erst something is typed and sent, uploaded, or anything, it can never be taken back or deleted. Sure you can remove certain things, but somewhere it is lull out there, and it can be retrieved if deemed necessary. Everyone has access to posts online, and if the reason they are not misusing the internet is because of their fear of the spyware, then so be it.There is a fine line amidst being responsibly protective and irresponsibly nosy, Coben argues. If a parent is going to have spyware on their childrens computer, they need to be doing so for the correct reasons. Doing so because there is a harmful deportment being engaged without another way to stop it is sufficient enough of reasoning. However, trying to be filled in on the latest gossip and happenings in the childs life is not going to cut it. Parents are supposed to be responsible and aspect out for harmful and negative behaviors.They should not be abusing their powers or the dicks given to them to help ensure their loved childs online safety and protection. I do tend to agree with the various arguments that Coben uses to validate his claims, that I have two different opinions on the use of spyware technololgy. If ones child is dishonest, engaging in shadowed or risky behavior, install the spyware. If a parent has real evidence that their child is harming him or herself, then the parent has a responsibility to help and protect the child even though their child may not want the watchful eye.It is more than fair for parents whose children have engaged in some strain of dangerous behavior, to tell them If you dont meet your responsibilities to take care of yourself and to stay safe, then Im going to take whatever move necessary. If that means looking in your room, looking in your drawers and looking on your computer, thats exactly what Im prepared to do (Lehman). That way the child will know there is a possibility of a spyware being put on their computer and are not caught off guard if something from the spywares report were to be brought up in the future.The safety of ones children should be number one on the parents list and they need to be equal to(p) to do what is deemed necessary in order to protect. Reading emails, having the knowledge of what they search for online, and seeing all of their communications may be necessary for certain situations. The situations where spyware should be put on childrens computers are scarce in extreme cases of dishonesty, incriminating behavior, or suspicious activities. Spyware may not be the most hard-hitting way to protect children, but in such cases the spyware could definitely help the situation.Besides extreme cases, ultimately parents having spyware on their childrens electronic devices without their knowledge are more harmful than beneficial. A survey conducted of undergraduate students in the United Stat es showed that 64% indicated they strongly disagreed with the statement that spyware is more beneficial than harmful. (Freeman) The main reason putting spyware on a childs computer that has done nothing wrong is harmful, is because the relationship between parent and child will most likely be impacted negatively when the child figures out there is spyware on their computer.If parents have children that meet their curfew, take care of their responsibilities, and the like, there is no reason to snoop on them. Good behavior should be rewarded, and telling your child that the lack of interference in her personal space is a direct result of her good behavior reinforces the trust given to that child. Spyware does not aide in creating independence or individuation. A goal of parenting should be to raise a young adult who can make independent decisions and who can have a life of their own. Teenagers are evermore trying to be individuals and want more independence.Part of having a life of t heir own is having a space of their own. When parents spy on their responsible child, the message they are sending is that even though the child has not done anything wrong, the child still needs to be watched and is not trustworthy. Also, children and teenagers usually know an awful lot more about computers and technology than adults do. Because of the difference in generations, most teens and children know how to conquer for spyware, how to disable it, and how to get around it, more often than not without the parent knowing what has happened.It is impossible for a parent to keep tabs and know absolutely everything their child does, which they should not, and sometimes it is better this way. Even if a child does not find a way around the spyware, are parents really prepared to know their childs secrets that are not harmful to themselves, such as sexual activity, although can be harmful in some cases, or sexual orientation? Sometimes it is best to be ignorant. Parents should not go looking for things that if they knew would cause issues in the family tearing them apart.What is the worst that children can get into on the internet? Parents have to understand that their kids are human, and in turn let them be human. They are going to want to try new things, and exploring the internet is probably going to be one of those things. What is so bad about that anyway? It will not corrupt them nothing corrupts people but other people. It is not the internet doing the corrupting, it is those behind what is being shown and put out there, those that are typing in chat rooms and writing their blogs.It is easy to view kids as possessions, like pets that have to be pampered and hidden from the world, but they are people just the same, and they have to make their own decisions even if they arent good ones. A teenager deserves their privacy just as much as anyone, including their parents. I believe that if parents have taught their children well, with morals and the ups and dow ns of life and the internet, they need to trust that their child has been taught well enough to not misuse the internet and all of its capabilities.Joe Kelly, make of a national advocacy group called Dads and Daughters, states that Markets play on this fear that something horrific is going to happen to your child, when the odds of that are minuscule. It might happen, but to have their whole childhood predicated on this remote possibility is, in the aggregate, even more damaging. (Crary) Spyware really undermines all of the trust that the parent and child have with one another. In a survey of 1,006 AOL users, 74. 2% said they perceived spyware to be a personal threat. (Poston) Spyware is seen as a personal threat to so many citizens because of its demoralizing and disrespectful nature. I would not want it done to me, my parents would not want it done to them, and I do not think teaching children that it is okay to have a spyware on someone else is healthy or just. The choice betwee n installing spyware on a childs computer or not too, can relate to one another and meet in the middle. In some extreme cases where there is no longer an ounce of trust, spyware should be put on childrens computers to protect them from themselves and others.Although in most cases, spyware is not acceptable because of the harm it does to the relationship between parent and child, and the toll it takes on trust, individualism, and privacy. Parents should have some type of find out over their childs internet usage. Blocking some sites, such as porn or self-harm/suicide related to sites, is beneficial and sufficient. Having the computers in the house being put in open areas, such as an office or living room, can also control what children do on the computer because of the fact that they are aware that anybody can walk by and see what is on the screen.There are also parental controls that make it so the internet is only available at the times set up by the parents. Parents that are sti ll uncomfortable with these alternatives could also have a password set up that one would need to log onto the computer, and only the parent would know that password. That way, if a child wants to use the computer, the parent will always know if they are on it. You should also talk to your children about the dangers of the internet so that they recognize suspicious behavior or activity.In order to teach more about internet safety instead of simply trying to avoid it, parents need to Discuss the risks of sharing certain types of information (e. g. , they theyre home alone) and the benefits to only communicating and sharing information with people they know. (Householder) All of these alternative suggestions, used solely or by incorporating them all, is a much more useful tool in monitoring computer and internet usage rather than using a spyware. The alternative to spyware does not damage trust, lets the child have needed amounts of privacy, and yet still lets the reins be in the par ents hands.Works Cited Coben, Harlan. The Undercover Parent. New York Times16 Mar. 2008 n. pag. Print. Crary, David. USA TODAY. USATODAY. COM. N. p. , 05 Sept. 20122. Web. 17 Mar. 2013. Fodeman, Doug, and Marje Monroe. The Impact Of Facebook On Our Students. Teacher librarian36. 5 (2009) 36-40. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. Freeman, Lee A. , and Andrew Urbaczewski. Why Do People Hate Spyware? communications Of The ACM48. 8 (2005) 50-53. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. Householder, Allen, and Mindi McDowell. security department Tip (ST05-002). Keeping Children Safe Online. US Department of Homeland Security, 16 Feb. 2013. Web. 20 Mar. 2013 Lehman, James. Newsletter Signup. Empowering Parents. N. p. , n. d. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. Poston, Robin, Thomas F. Stafford, and Amy Hennington. Software A View From The (Online) Street. Communications Of The ACM48. 8 (2005) 96-99. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Mar. 2013. Stop Cyber bullying Before It Starts. NCPC. com. National Crime Prevention Council, n. d. Web. 17 Mar. 2013.

Management Paper Outline

I. Introduction A. Indicate the fountain name and page number, and give a very brief summary of it. B. Forecast the main points you will be devising in the paper. II. Environmental Factors and Ethical Considerations A. What ar the primary issues in this sheath? Why are they significant? B. What are the contextualizing environmental factors in this shift? Why are they noteworthy? C. What are the factors affecting ethical choices in this eccentric person? Which is most important? D. How can the criteria for ethical decision making be applied in this mooring? Which of the criteria is most relevant? Why? III.Planning A. What type of planning and goal setting are depicted in this case? What are the implications of those types of planning and goal setting? B. What type of decision making is evident in this case? What can be inferred from the approach or approaches to decision making used in this case? IV. Organizing C. What characteristics of organizing are exhibited in this case? W hat are the implications of those characteristics? D. How and to what extent are transfer and innovation undertaken in this case? What are the consequences of the change and innovation initiatives or lack of initiatives?E. How and to what extent is the strategic role of human resource management practiced in this case? What are the implications of those practices for maintaining an effective custody and valuing diversity? V. Leading F. How is the importance of attitudes, personality traits, and emotional intelligence evidenced in this case? What is the significance of attitudes, personality traits, and emotional intelligence in this case? G. What is the nature of leadership exhibited or not exhibited in this case? What can be inferred from the nature of leadership exhibited in this case? H.How and to what extent is an understanding of motif demonstrated in this case? What can be learned from this? I. What characteristics of communication are exhibited in this case? What are the i mplications of those characteristics? J. How and to what extent is teamwork used in this case? What are the implications of the use or lack of use of teamwork in this case? VI. Controlling K. How and to what extent are TQM or other techniques of control exercised in this case? L. What can be learned about the nature and implications of control in this case? VII. Summary and Implications M.How and to what extent are the basic functions of management (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) in or out of alignment in this case? What is the significance of the alignment or lack of alignment? N. How and to what extent are the basic functions of management (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) in design with the environmental conditions? What is the significance of this? O. How and to what extent are ethics and social responsibility exercised in this case? What are the implications of this? P. What, in the end, are your primary findings in this case? What are the impli cations of those findings?

Being Single

being one doesnt necessarily mean youre available. sometimes you have to put up a sign that says, Do Not Disturb on your heart. Ifyou bent ingenious being wiz you will never be happy in a relationship. Get your consume life and love it first, then share it. Ifyoure single, focus on being a better you instead of looking for someone better than your ex. A better you will attract a better next. worldsingle doesnt necessarily mean one is not involveed. In many cases it means that one knows what they want and if they cant find that someone special then theyll remain single forever because theyre OK and happy with who they are and just want that someone special to complete them and take their happiness a higher level. Being single is a term used to describe the state of a person being single and not act.A single person unlike a committed person is not voluminous in any relationship. A single person has a multitude of friends and acquaintances and enjoys his single status. Being s ingle is a privilege for many, since they are free to live life individually, without the pressures and expectations that are often associated with a committed relationship. Life is truly an unpredictable affair and you have no idea about how it can miscellany at any point of time.So, people some people pick being single sooner than getting committed to someone. Dealing with relationships and making them successful is not everyones cup of tea. Relationships require excited investment, as well as a lot of time to make things work. So, staying single is what people prefer usually. Stephanie Mills had once remarked, I enjoy being single, but I loved being married.

How to Get Prepared and Start My Own Business Essay

e very(prenominal)(prenominal) of us substantiate a lot of ideas about the things that we think about most of the time we do not redden recognize how millions of ideas got through our brains. Even now, when I typed this sentence, it took a while for me to come up with an idea and put it into words, so that in all the readers get exactly what I want them to understand by and by reading my writing. We use our ideas everywhere, since it is something that lets us process and understand the breeding that we already own and get the outstrip result that is possible. People use ideas as their tool to refer a right decision, and as we all know, we have a lot of decisions to make in our life.For me, the right idea is a treasure touch by many other ideas that are not the ones that entrust lead me to a right choice, which I have to make in certain amount of time. Examples of leading companies that came up with good ideas in blood line are Facebook, Microsoft, Google, and AT&T. These w orldwide well-known organizations take overed their affair like any other mortal from idea, plainly somehow they have achieved a fail result, which means they had a better idea, better team, or better preparation and hard execution with luck.Now, after having 17 years of experience in finding a right idea, I am on my way to find my own treasure, so that I go forth be able to realize my ideas in melodic phrase world. That idea is one in a million. For now, I came up with a lot of ideas that will possibly bring me a wanted amount of loot after realizing them. Since I am on the right track, I should get prepared to scratching realizing my ideas and bug out my own business. There are a lot of concourse in the world who want to fit and run their own business.Some of these people who start their business will get a conform to sense of accomplishment after providing a service or a merchandise that is enjoyed or employ by customers. Most of them will be disappointed in thei r business, since the percentage of those who fail is higher than those who succeed. feel of a business executive after coming to work differs from the feeling that people meet when they work for someone else. Person who runs the business and person who assists and works for that person experience different emotions and work to do, moreover both of these jobs have their own cons and pros.Person who assists to run the business cares except about the wage that he or she gets in the end of the month, while the businessman cares about the whole organization, including staff, all the property, wages of his workers, functional environment, advertisement, and else. The more power and opportunity you have, the more responsibility and problems you get. That one person who runs the company should make a perfect environment to work, including people who work for him, because they are a big part of his business that escape to realize his ideas, and make them work properly.More than one mil lion people create their own business every year. All of them have an idea that they believe in, because idea plays a huge role, but it is not the only thing. Business is more than just an idea, and some people forget it and start without even macrocosm prepared. It needs a lot of time to final cause, and also it requires certain people. Furthermore, it needs financial funding. Before even starting to prepare to be a business executive, person should ask himself if he is ready for that. Do I have that personality and skills to be successful in business?Do I have what it takes? I am sure that I do, so do my parents. That is the causality why I am continuing to make researches about business and reading news about politics in my country. That is the reason why I came to America, to a country that is far from mine. Before starting to prepare the environment I will be working in, I should prepare myself. I should have enough knowledge and information to understand everything me and my team will do. To do so, I should read news and articles about business.All business community have to be in that world, which is a world of business. There is al shipway something that we do not know. That something business leader make business work better. People do not even know when they miss their materialise to build a better business. People just lose their meets to get better, and that opportunity sometimes comes only once in the whole life. Since there are plenty of those who try to run their business, it is a competition, where you, as a businessman, should prove that you are capable of more than other businessmen around you.There is only one winner, and it should be you. That is why it is better to spend enough time preparing and have more chance to succeed, than start with unsafe steps. Since I am the person who will continue the family business, not start from the very beginning, I have more opportunity and chance than I would have had if I was the one who starte d the business. That person who worked hard is my father. What he did, is called a huge step. He brought his family from nothing to something in a short intent of time, which usually takes more.Some people achieve their goal, but my father is one of those who achieved a goal that he did not even expect. He already reached a goal that should be reached in two generation. That is why, as the only son in our family, I should succeed at least like him, even though he, as a father, thinks I can do better. I have people who will alleviate me to understand business, and how it works, because it is not something that you can understand by reading some rules on the paper. It is something that you understand by experiencing, something that we should feel. Business is about the team.Successful business based on products, and services that are made or provided by people. I should create a company that inspires faith and productivity. In order to make taxation, I should understand peoples way of thinking understand what their needs are, and how to provide them in the high hat way. How did such companies as Apple and Microsoft get so big and successful? These companies found a product that best responds to real human needs and desires. This problem is important to all the people who want to start their own business. It is related to business.This question is being discussed everywhere on internet, on the forums, by experts, and by people who have failed in starting a business, or by people who succeeded. They share their experience and contribute tips that can help to people like me, people who are getting prepared to start a business. This subject is interesting for me, because it determines my future. It helps me to understand what exactly I am going to do, in order to be prepared to start business, which is what I am going to do for living. There are many ways of getting prepared, choosing the right one, and choosing the right idea is one of the most important steps .Even though I am sure that I will succeed with the help of my family, I still have to make research and be one of those who try hard to be closer to business. Business is like a big house. In order to build a big and beautiful one, we should have an idea of how to make, and be prepared. If the foundation is strong, then are on the right way. There are basic steps to start my business. First of all I should research and plan my business. It will help me to understand what it takes to realize my plans. later on researching and planning, I should get business assistance.That step will help me prepare a business plan and expanding my business. After that, I should choose a business location and finance my business. To do, depending on my business type, I should find a place that will work out the best for my business. If it is, for example, a hotel, it should in a place that is easy to reach for tourists, but is not noisy, so that customers can enjoy their time in the hotel. After doi ng these four steps, I should determine the legal structure of my business. It could be sole better halfship, partnership, corporation, etc.If I am not ready to do my business alone, I can find a partner or partners that believe in my idea and ready to finance. Having more people is always better, which means that you will have more resources and more ideas. If a company has more than one holder, it always causes problems, because of disagreement and revenue that should be divided. Next step in order to start business is registration of a business name, and getting a local license. After these steps, everything is ready to work, including the workers that you should hire.

Background And History Of Enron Accounting Essay

Enron was founded in 1985 through and through the amalgamation of Houston Natural Gas and Internorth, a natural turgidity connection based in Omaha, Nebraska, and rapidly became the major vigor and petrochemical cover sizeables monger low the leading of its president, Ken interlockh Lay. In 1999, Enron moved its operations online, touting the largest online trading exchange as one of the important grosbeak market shapers in natural gas, electricity, rough oil, petrochemicals and plastics. Enron diversified into coal, transportation, steel & A metals, mush & A paper, and point into such trade grievouss as conditions and actualisation derived extend outs. At its extremum, Enron was describing grosss of $ 80 billion and net incomes of $ 1 billion, and was for half a dozen pricker-to-back old ages lauded by Fortune as America s most advanced friendship.The fast surrender, nevertheless, of Enron Vice-Chairman Clifford Baxter inMay of 2001 and sequent surrender of chie f operating officer Jeffrey Skilling in August of 2001, both of whom retired for unrevealed face-to-face strands, should get served as the first indi laughingstockt of the problems brewing within Enron. Mr. Skilling had been elected CEO only months before, and Mr. Baxter had choke Vice-Chairman in 2000. Fin whollyy, amidst analysts and investors inquiries sing unrevealed partnerships and rumours of crying chronicle mistakes, Enron announced on October 16, 2001 it was pickings a $ 544 one thousand thousand dollar after-tax-charge against net incomes and a decrease in gestateholder equity by $ 1.2 billion collect to related minutess with LJM-2. As allow for be discussed in the beneathmentioned subdivision, LJM-2 was partnership managed and partly owned by Enron s CFO, Andrew Fastow. The LJM partnerships provided Enron with a spouse for plus gross revenues and purchases every bit good as an instrument to fudge hazard.Less than a month subsequently Enron announced that it w ould be repeating its net incomes from 1997 through 2001 because of accounting mistakes associating to minutess with an opposite Fastow partnership, LJM Cayman, and Chewco Investments, which was managed by Michael Kopper. Mr. Kopper was the pull offing manager of Enron s planetary pay building block and describe straight to the CFO, Mr. Fastow. Chewco Investments was a partnership created out of the demand to deliver an outside investor s contact in another Enron partnership and will be discussed at length in the undermentioned subdivision.such(prenominal) restatements sparked a formal probe by the moment into Enron s partnerships. Other questionable partnerships were coming to gross radiation, including the Raptors partnerships. These restatements were prodigious, and combined with Enron s revelation that their CFO Mr. Fastow was paid in surplus of $ 30 million for the focal point of LJM-1 and LJM-2, investor assurance was crushed. Enron s debt evaluations later plummeted, an d one month subsequently, on December 2, 2001, Enron filed for nonstarter trade protection under Chapter 11.Q. 1 ) What were the steps which Enron had missed to regulate during the full dirt?At the clip of its filing for bankruptcy in December 2001 the complex industrial construction of Enron was to the full grasped by few foreigners, and more empty information as to the received layers of its assets, liabilities and off-balance-sheet places was still blossoming. An thought of the unfold s complexness can be obtained from such characteristics as its 2,800 offshore units and the 54 pages required to name people and companies owed money by Enron. This was a far call from the kinfolk which in the 1980s specialized in the proviso of natural gas grapevines and related serve. solely from these beginnings Enron expanded unrelentingly into trading activities in 1,800 merchandises or contracts and 13 currencies.Part of the causality of Enron s behavior was similar to that of many o ther kinfolks in the 1990s, deducing from the links between timeworn pecuniary values and executives wage and wealth, above all through stock options. However, in Enron s antecedent the component of its recognition evaluation was in addition of import. The mansion house s rapid enlargement required entree to pornographic sums of funding and as its engagement in trading activities grew, so did the importance of its recognition evaluation since this determined its funding costs and crucially the willingness of its counterparties to merchandise with it.In order to keep the house s recognition evaluation Enron sought it to be indispensable that it portrays a favorable income, while avoiding an inordinate purchase on Enron s balance sheet. So as to accomplish this, the house resorted to extraordinary goings from transp arnce which affected the house s dealingss with investors and creditors, its ain board of managers ( and t presentfore an of import mickle of its internal co ntrol ) , and other stakeholders of the corporation. The house s usage of busy purpose entities ( SPEs ) was portion and package of the patterns busy to pull strings the house s net incomes figures and balance sheet, as was resort to hedge and the usage of derived functions in struggle with insurance coverage regulations or concern logic ( or both ) . Many of the minutess associated with this use were withal associated with self-dealing by Enron executives taking to satisfying personal enrichment. In summing up the causes for Enron s autumn atomic number 18 ascribed toEnron s failure to encounter good corporate administration.Enron s showy use of grade to market accounting.Enron s complex minutess with particular purpose entities.This analysis has been restricted to Enron s non observation of good corporate administration.Corporate administration is pertain with the transactionhips between a concern s educational activity and its board of managers, its stockholders and loa ners, and it s other stakeholders such as employees, clients, providers, and the community of which it is a portion. The capable at that placefore concerns the modelling through which concern aims are set and the agencies of achieving them and otherwise monitoring domain presentation are determined. Good corporate administration follows rules which still vary importantly among states and which are presently the topic of assorted enterprises designed to accomplish understanding on an acceptable model of basic criterions. Execution of rules of good corporate administration presupposes satisfactory macrocosm presentation on the portion of several different parties from both the private and public sectors. The function of these parties must be complemented by efficacious ordinance, which in the character of a house with operations every bit complex as Enron includes non merely major regulators of the pecuniary sectors scarce besides the regulator of the slide fastener sector. Certain facets that will be dealt, herein, areEnron s system of inducements and countenances jury of managersAccountants/auditorsBanks, Financial analysts and SECsEnron s system of inducements and countenancesThe modulate of the house s stock monetary value on the inducement system for Enron s employees became progressively of import during the long fiscal roar of the 1990s. In the instance of senior staff this reflected a wage system of which a cardinal portion consisted of stock options. For other staff much of their nest eggs was invested in Enron stock with the bustling encouragement of Enron s ain direction. An of import portion of this procedure consisted of retirement nest eggs programs under which staff s ain parts were topped up by parts from Enron itself.Many of Enron employees had invested significant amounts in Enron s ain stock this was actively encouraged by Enron s direction itself. But at the same clip Enron officers and a few managers were themselves selling the house s stock on a monolithic graduated table, gross revenues no uncertainty partially due to normal portfolio diversification but besides likely to hold been progressively influenced by insider cognition of the turning precariousness of Enron s existent state of affairs. mature of managersIn order to accomplish good corporate administration an of import function is impute to histrions in the board of managers and independent external hearers. Key maps of the board of managers, which were peculiarly relevant in the instance of Enron, include choice and wage of executives, being watchful to possible struggles of pursuit adversely impacting the house, and guaranting the unity of the company s systems of accounting and fiscal coverage. Prerequisites for satisfactory public presentation include entree to accurate and seasonable information bearing on the fulfillment of these duties.It should be emphasized that when looking at the managers of Enron s Board it was apparent that the mana gers did non map independently. Fiscal ties between Enron and a bulk of its managers seem to hold weakened their objectivity in their inadvertence of Enron. Such relationships with Enron may hold made it hard for such board members to be nonsubjective or critical of Enron direction. Many of these Enron Board members may hold felt that their compensation office be endangered by oppugning such concerns in Board meetings, therefore, bring forthing weak nodders and flunkies as managers and thereby, bring to the autumn of Enron.One widely recognized rule of good corporate administration is that the board be independent of direction. It is indispensable that a board be capable of looking objectively at the direction and outside professional advisers of a house, and Enron s Board was non capable in this regard. It should besides be mentioned here that of the compensation paid to the board a significant proportion was in the signifier of stock options, a pattern capable of exercising on the board pressures to O.K. determinations probably to hold a favorable influence on the house s stock monetary value similar to those besides exerted on direction. The Board should work to assist avoid struggles of involvement, guarantee scrutinizing independency and accurate fiscal coverage, oversee compensation patterns, every bit good as many other dislocations that occurred within Enron. Compromised by its restraints and conventionality the Board failed in its undertaking.Accountants/auditorsSing scrutinizing good corporate administration requires high-quality criterions for readying and revelation, and independency for the external hearer. Enron s external hearer was Arthur Andersen, which besides provided the house with extended internal auditing and consulting services. The history of dealingss between Enron and Arthur Andersen suggests that they were often characterised by tensenesss due to the latter is hesitate refering several characteristics of Enron s.Materials from Audit Committee meetings indicate that its members were cognizant of such baffling accounting methods being employed by Enron, but did non move on them. These concerns, nevertheless, were neer decently addressed and were non efficaciously communicated to the Audit and compliance Committee by Andersen.It is of import to stress that Enron was utilizing engineerings ( or complex fiscal techniques ) that helped to befog the house s true fiscal imports. Had investors been more cognizant of and understood the significance of such extremely structured partnerships, they would non hold been as deceived by the fiscal consequences and would hold looked more skeptically at the house s fiscal status. The deficiency of fiscal coverage transparence represents the failure of another bed of corporate administration protection that stockholders are usually provided. Stockholders rely on the fiscal studies and information that direction produces. When such studies are wide and have been manipulate d stockholders are stripped of another mechanism that helps to truly supervise the public presentation of direction, which is what happened with the instance of Enron.Banks and Financial analystsEnron s Bankss were profoundly involved in the house s resort to techniques for the use of its reported net incomes and balance sheet. The Finance Committee should hold taken a more proactive function in analyzing and supervising the minutess. It should be seen that the Finance Committee holding been cognizant of the unstable nature of the related-party minutess in Enron, failed in its duty of supervising the minutess. A forum for more extended inquiring from managers sing the minutess was the ground that such a commission existed. Their occupation was to examine and take apart the minutess that they reviewed and to supervise hazard, neither of which they did for these related-party minutess. near fiscal analysts covering Enron stock continued to urge it to investors good into the fall of 2 001, even as disclosures refering Enron s accounting and direction weaknesss began to proliferate. Many of the analysts made this recommendation even though they admitted that they did non to the full understand the house s operations and construction.Q.2 Lacuna in the bing jurisprudence due to which the Enron dirt took topographic pointThe Enron LoopholeThe Commodity exchange Act exempts certain efficiency derived functions contracts from ordinance by the Commodity Futures profession Commission ( CFTC ) . These freedoms are popularly known as the Enron loophole. Soaring energy monetary values have raised concerns about whether the CFTC has decent information about these un adjust markets to supervise energy trading in a comprehensive mode. The put up Bill established a more rigorous regulatory government for electronic trading installations that offer contracts that play a important function in puting energy monetary values. A figure of other measures in the hundred-and-tent h Congress would enforce new coverage or regulative demands on the bilaterally symmetric energy barters market, which was non addressed by the Farm Bill. This study will be updated as legislative developments warrant.In 2000, Congress passed the Commodity Futures Modernization Act whose cardinal intent was to put out the conditions under which derived function fiscal contracts instruments like hereafters, options, or barters, whose value is linked to the monetary value of some implicit in trade good could be lawfully traded in the over-the counter ( OTC ) market, that is, away the hereafters exchanges that are regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ( CFTC ) . The CFMA established three classs of trade goods and made them subject to ever-changing grades of ordinance fiscal trade goods ( such as involvement rates, currency monetary values, or stock indexes ) were defined as excluded trade goods. Excluded trade goods can be traded in the OTC market with minimum CFTC inadvertence, provided that little public investors are non allowed to merchandise. A 2nd class is boorish trade goods here, because of concerns about monetary value use, the jurisprudence specifies that all derived functions based on farm trade goods must be traded on a CFTC-regulated exchange unless the CFTC issues a specific freedom after happening that a proposed OTC agricultural contract would be consistent with the public involvement.Finally, there is a 3rd all-other class an exempt trade good which includes some(prenominal) is neither fiscal nor agricultural. In today s markets, this means chiefly metals and energy trade goods. The statutory freedom from ordinance provided by the CFMA for exempt trade goods is normally known as the Enron loophole. Before its prostration in 2001, Enron Corp. was a innovator in OTC energy trading and create an electronic market ( Enron Online ) for trading physical and derivative contracts based on a figure of energy merchandises. D efined in the jurisprudence as fiscal establishments, insurance companies, broker/dealers, authorities units, professional hereafters bargainers, and concerns and persons fight intoing certain plus and income thresholds. The given is that these are sophisticated bargainers who do non necessitate the protections offered by authorities ordinance. Trading installation is defined in jurisprudence as a installation or system in which multiple participants have the ability to put to death or merchandise understandings, contracts, or minutess by pass judgment commands and offers made by other participants that are unfastened to multiple participants in the installation or system. These are defined as entitled contract participants who ( 1 ) trade in the physical trade good or ( 2 ) on a regular basis provide hazard direction or hedge services to those who do. Defined as a trading installation, that operates over an electronic or telecommunications nett and maintains an audit trail of minutess.Basically, one of the ways to counter fiscal dirts is to better the quality of scrutinizing services. However, the current legal, regulative and corporate administration model is robust and sufficient to protect the market. This is hard because the figure of fiscal dirts touch hearers is increasing. Furthermore, whilst corporate administration may hold improved but the hearers responsibilities and duties are shrouded in enigma and mystique as of all time. There is a blank in the current legal model as the responsibilities and duties reposed on hearers under common jurisprudence, the Companies Act , BAFIA and the CMSA are unequal in countering the fiscal dirts.Other defectsEnron, an energy trading company is the first dirt which shook up the scrutinizing profession although there were many instances affecting hearers since the 18 century. Enron has caused a crisis to the assurance in hearers and the dependability of fiscal coverage. The audit quality and the independency of the hearers were questionable. This is because the hearers, who were Arthur Andersen, were non merely having fees for scrutinizing but for non-audit services excessively i.e. for consultancy services. In 2001, Arthur Andersen earned US $ 55 million for non-audit services. Furthermore, there were regular exchanges of employees within Enron from Arthur Andersen. below the common jurisprudence responsibilities and duties, there is no responsibility reposed on the hearers to avoid struggle of involvements. Therefore, the fact that Arthur Andersen was go non-audit services is non a breach of jurisprudence in the first topographic point.Under the Companies Act , although independency of the hearers is indispensable as can be seen in S. 9 of the Companies Act which disqualifies certain individuals from being eligible as hearers, the proviso does non cover with issues refering the offering of non-audit services to the company. This is because the proviso merely prohibits an employee, officer, spouse or employee or employer of an officer from being appointed as an hearer. The offering of the non-audit services by the hearers to a company is in the capacity of an independent contractor. The jurisprudence assumes that such individuals are independent. This is because independency is the basis for scrutinizing. However, there will be struggle of involvement and hence the independency of the hearer will be affected.Although Arthur Andersen was doing a study on the company s histories, they did non describe fraud to the stakeholders. This is because the fraud was committed by the direction. Kenneth Lay took place US $ 152 million although the company was confronting a loss. If the hearers were to describe they likely will non be appointed in subsequent old ages or be engaged for non-audit services. They made sure that they were in the direction s good books. They maintained confidentiality but for the incorrect grounds.The U.S. authorities assured the stakeholders th at Enron was merely a instance of one bad apple. Nonetheless, in 2002, WorldCom which is one of the biggest telecommunications company in US collapsed. The issue sing hearers reached a high degree due to Enron. It was found that the hearers, Arthur Anderson, did non take proper stairss in observing accounting abnormalities. Although it is the responsibility of the hearers to observe accounting abnormalities, they failed to make so. Since they failed to make so truly, they should be apt. As a consequence of Enron, the audit house Arthur Andersen in Malaysia was dissolved.On the other manus, it is hard to find the scope of the hearers responsibilities and duties. This is because in at least four affairs, the American International Group Incorporated s hearer i.e. PricewaterhouseCoopers are cognizant of debatable accounting but decided that they were non material. If the position is shared by the scrutinizing profession, it can be considered that the hearers have performed their respo nsibilities and duties consequently. However, the position must besides be agreed by the tribunals before set uping whether the hearers have performed their responsibilities and duties consequently.When Enron took topographic point, it was thought it could non go on in Malaysia. In fact the SC believed that since Malaysia patterns different set of accounting and auditing regulations. However, much before Enron, there have been instances which involved scrutinizing dirts. In fact the dirts pose a changeless menace to the regulative construction, public trust and assurance in the market economic system. Therefore, it has raised concerns sing the credibleness of the audit profession.The consequence of these alterations was that, what had antecedently been a system of healthy cheques and balances became a united forepart at the disbursal of investors. instead of holding opposed involvements that served to protect investors, they now had an unhealthy common involvement. The fiducial res ponsibility that executives owed to stockholders took a back place to the chase of a short-run addition in stock monetary value. Accountants, who had once policed fiscal studies in order to protect the public, now had a strong inducement to assist executives to make whatever it took to hike portion monetary value in order to maintain them as confer withing clients. And spend bankers no longer served as sure advisors to their clients, reconnoitering out the best securities. They found it more advantageous to work with executives and comptrollers to finance trades that raised stock monetary values, even if it meant selling out their clients.Q.3 ) What were the Amendments that were brought in put up Enron Issue?The Enron Scandal caused a loss of an estimated $ 74 billion to the stockholders. After the prostration of Enron, several issues were earmarked for the go to of shed light onists including The function of concern financess in political candidacy. The extent of energy compani es influence on national energy policy. The demand to reform premium Torahs to halt over-exposure to one stock and forestall a company from puting its pension financess in its ain stock. The demand for higher criterions of transparence and revelation in the audit profession. Potential struggles of involvement between consultancy and scrutinizing work undertaken by fiscal houses. The demand for tighter ordinance on fiscal derived functions trading.Sarbanes -Oxley Act ( SOX ) of 2002The emergent prostration of Enron Corporation in late 2001, amid disclosures that its public accounting statements had been manipulated and falsified to hide the company s true fiscal place, was the first in a series of major accounting dirts affecting American corporations. The reply of the 107th Congress was to go through the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ( P.L. 107-204 ) , sometimes described as the most sweeping amendments to the securities Torahs since the 1930s. The SOX came as a US legislative response to the recent batch of accounting dirts. It provided for conformity with comprehensive reform of accounting and required for publically held companies to advance and better the quality and transparence of fiscal coverage by internal and external hearers. Companies must list and track public presentation of their stuff hazards and associated control processs. Companies can no longer do loans to company managers.SOX Act besides did non turn to other cardinal causesmisaligned inducements ( e.g. , supplanting from hard currency to stock option compensationfocal point on short-term net incomes instead than longer run net income public presentation.Congress s purpose in go throughing Sarbanes-Oxley was to reconstruct assurance in fiscal markets by increasing corporate answerableness, heightening public revelations of fiscal information, and beef uping corporate administration. More terrible condemnable punishments for securities fraud were besides enacted. The Securities and Exchange Comm ission ( SEC ) has adopted more than a twelve concluding regulations to implement the Act s commissariats. These regulations raise criterions of answerability for corporate executives, boards of managers, independent hearers, and corporate lawyers.Some of the of import characteristics of the Act wereThe Act created a national account statement Oversight Board that, among other activities, must set up the moralss criterions used by CPA houses in fixing audits.It was required that the hearers retain audit working documents for specified periods of clip.It was required that hearer rotary relocation forbiding the same individual from being the lead hearer for more than five old ages.It was required that the CEO and CFO certify that the company s fiscal statements are true, just and accurate.The Act prohibited corporations from widen personal loans to executives and managers.It was required that the audited company discloses whether it has adopted the codification of moralss for its s enior fiscal officers.It was required that the SEC on a regular basis review each corporation s fiscal statements.The Act prevented employers from retaining against look into analysts that write negative studies.It imposed condemnable punishments on hearers and clients for falsification, destructing, changing or hiding records.It imposed all right or penalty on any individual that pinchs stockholders.It increased punishments for mail and wire defraud from 5 to 20 old ages in prison.The Act establishes condemnable liability for failure of corporate officers to indorse fiscal studies.A Few Possible Lessons and actionsa-?We need a structural inspection and repair of the system, includingNew regulations forbiding houses that do the accounting for a company from making any confer withing for that companyThrough run finance reform, a committed enterprise is needed to acquire large money out of political relationsReregulation and inadvertence of energy trading and distributiona-?We mus t penalize corporate irresponsibleness More attempt and diligence is needed in tracking and exposing corporate irresponsibleness and authorities must beef up the current slap-on-the-wrist penalties. At a start, this includes a continued thorough probe of the Enron/Andersen by Congress, the SEC, and the Justice Department, with the public non accepting a watered down version from the authorities.a-?Workers should hold more engagement and occasion in direction determinations, particularly when pension financess are involved. If this had been in topographic point, Enron perchance would nt hold collapsed, and the employees surely could hold salvaged some of their nest eggs. Losing one s full pension fund is good evidences for demanding employee determination doing power to forestall it in the hereafter.a-?We demand to fight against trade understandings demand to go on to construct a strong, widespread battle against these trade understandings such as the GATS, and expose them for what they truly are mechanisms for development of the cosmos s people, land, resources, and public services. The authorization of these understandings is to let for the Enron s of the universe unrestricted entree to privatise which will probably merely take to more Enron s on a planetary graduated table. Without this battle, topical anaesthetic and public services will go on to be lost.